基于正交试验的玉米最优产量渗灌技术组合分析  

Study on Combination of Subsurface Irrigation Technology for Optimal Yield of Maize Based on Orthogonal Experiment

作　　者：杨庭瑞 赵经华[1] 杨磊 彭艳平 周和平 YANG Tingrui;ZHAO Jinghua;YANG Lei;PENG Yanping;ZHOU Heping(College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;Xinjiang Electric Power Design Institute CO., Ltd of China Energy Engineering Group, Urumqi 830000, China;Water Conservancy Management Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]中国能源建设集团新疆电力设计院有限公司,乌鲁木齐830000 [3]新疆水利管理总站,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2021年第9期1585-1593,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2019D01A40)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同作物渗灌土壤水分状况与产量效应,为渗灌推广应用提供技术参考。【方法】基于正交试验设计,以渗灌玉米产量为敏感性分析指标,研究渗灌灌溉下播种深度、渗灌埋深、灌水频次和灌水定额对玉米产量影响的敏感性,观测不同处理下土壤水分状况。【结果】渗灌与膜下滴灌土壤水分分布有所不同。渗灌耕作层土壤含水率低,中下层土壤含水率渐增;膜下滴灌耕作层土壤含水率较高,中层土壤有所下降,下层含水率增高。4200 m^(3)/hm^(2)渗灌定额玉米产量达9905.56 kg/hm^(2)。渗灌玉米平均产量9485.10 kg/hm^(2),比膜下滴灌高出12.7%。【结论】对渗灌玉米产量影响最为显著的是播种深度,其次为灌水频次、渗灌埋深,影响最小的是灌水定额。播种深度20 cm,渗灌埋深30 cm,灌水定额600 m^(3)/hm^(2),灌水频次7次为渗灌玉米高产最优参数组合。【Objective】Exploring the soil moisture status and yield effects of different crop subsurface drip irrigation can provide technical reference for the popularization and application of subsurface drip irrigation.【Method】Based on the principle of orthogonal experiment design,the experiment used infiltration irrigation corn yield as the test index to study the sensitivity of the sowing depth,depth of subsurface emitter,irrigation frequency and irrigation quota to maize yield under subsurface drip irrigation,and observe soil moisture status under different treatments.【Result】The results show that the soil moisture distribution is different between subsurface drip and drip irrigation under film.The soil moisture content in the surface layer of subsurface drip irrigation is low and that in the middle and lower layers increases gradually.The soil moisture content of drip irrigation tillage layer under film was higher,the middle layer decreased,and the lower layer increased.Considering the high-yield and water-saving factors,the maize yield of 4,200 m^(3)/hm^(2) irrigation quota reached 9,905.56 kg/hm^(2).This scheme can save water and achieve high yield.The average yield of subsurface drip irrigation maize is 9,485.10 kg/hm^(2),which is 12.7%higher than that under drip irrigation under film.【Conclusion】Analysis of orthogonal experiment shows that the most significant effect on the yield of subsurface drip irrigation corn is the sowing depth,followed by irrigation frequency and depth of subsurface emitter,and the least impact is irrigation quota.The sowing depth is 20cm,the depth of subsurface emitter is 30 cm,the irrigation quota is 600 m^(3)/hm^(2),and the irrigation frequency is 7 times,which is the optimal parameter combination for subsurface drip irrigation maize high yield.

关 键 词：玉米 渗灌 膜下滴灌 土壤含水率 产量 正交试验 

分 类 号：S275.4[农业科学—农业水土工程] S512[农业科学—农业工程]