脱叶剂喷施时间对棉花产量品质及种子化学成分的影响  

Effects of Defoliant Spraying Time on Cotton Yield,Quality and Chemical Composition of Seed

作　　者：魏鑫[1] 马清倩 李春艳 徐海江[1] 郑子漂 李春平[1] 刘忠山[1] 张大伟[1] WEI Xin;MA Qingqian;LI Chunyan;XU Haijiang;ZHENG Zipiao;LI Chunping;LIU Zhongshan;ZHANG Dawei(Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830002, China;Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Aglicultural Technologr Extension Station,Urumqi 830000)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830002 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区农业技术推广总站,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2021年第9期1648-1655,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“棉花化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范”(2017YFD0201904);新疆维吾尔自治区创新环境(人才、基地)建设专项项目-喷施脱叶剂对机采棉生长发育的响应机制(2019D01B28)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究脱叶剂喷施时间对棉花产量、品质以及种子化学成分的影响。【方法】采用单因素随机区组小区试验,分析脱叶剂不同喷施时间对棉花产量、纤维品质、脱叶效果及种子成熟度的影响。【结果】吐絮率50%时喷施脱叶剂,脱叶效果最佳,喷施脱叶剂后20 d,脱叶率达到92%。脱叶剂喷施过早,植株未老化,叶柄处离层不易形成,脱叶剂喷施过晚,后期的低温未能最大限度发挥药剂作用。【结论】脱叶剂喷施越晚,棉花衣分与单铃重越大,但喷施过晚,会导致棉铃在采收时无法吐絮,并且脱叶效果差,造成采收时含杂过大;种子中蛋白质含量过高,脂肪含量不足,种子不饱满,影响种子的生活力。新疆北疆种子棉在吐絮率达到50%时喷施脱叶剂效果最佳。【Objective】To study the effects of defoliant spraying time on cotton yield,quality and seed chemical composition.【Method】A single factor randomized block plot experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of Manas Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Changji Prefecture of Xinjiang to study the effects of defoliant spraying time on cotton yield,fiber quality,defoliation effect and seed maturity.【Result】From the comprehensive effect of spraying defoliant at different times,it could be concluded that the defoliant effect was the best when the flocculent rate was 50%,and the defoliation rate reached 92%20 days after spraying defoliant.The defoliant was sprayed too early,the plant was not aged,the abscission layer at petiole was not easy to form,the defoliant was sprayed too late,and the low temperature at the later stage could not give full play to the effect of the defoliant.【Conclusion】The later defoliant spraying,the higher lint percentage and single boll weight of cotton,but too late spraying would lead to cotton bolls unable to open bolls during harvest,and the effect of defoliation was poor,resulting in excessive impurity content during harvest;the content of protein in the seed was too high,the content of fat was insufficient,and the seed not full,thus affecting the vitality of the seed.The effect of defoliant was the best when the boll opening rate reached 50%.

关 键 词：棉花 脱叶剂 脱叶效果 产量 种子 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]