叶面喷施钙镁肥对妃子笑荔枝果实品质的影响  

Effects of spraying foliar calcium and magnesium fertilizer on fruit quality of Feizixiao litchi

作　　者：廖海枝 杨成坤 林晓凯 岳晓琦 周开兵[1] LIAO Hai-zhi;YANG Cheng-kun;LIN Xiao-kai;YUE Xiao-qi;ZHOU Kai-bing(Engineering Research Center for Breeding of New Varieties of Tropical Crops,Ministry of Education,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物新品种选育教育部工程研究中心,海口570228

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2021年第7期1843-1850,共8页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960570);海南大学世界一流学科建设经费专项(RZZX201906);海南省研究生创新课题(Hys2019-90)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨喷施钙镁叶面营养对荔枝果实主要品质的影响,为我国荔枝生产提供理论参考和技术支持。【方法】以妃子笑荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.cv.Feizixiao)为试验材料,在果实生长发育期间进行叶面喷施0.3%氯化镁、0.3%氯化钙及二者混合液处理,分别记为Mg处理、Ca处理和Ca+Mg处理,以喷清水为对照(CK),通过观测果皮色度角和果肉矿质营养、可溶性糖和可滴定酸含量等的动态变化,分析果肉营养风味品质的变化特点及其与钙镁营养的关系。【结果】Mg处理、Ca处理、Ca+Mg处理和CK的可溶性糖含量在花后63 d均达最高值,Ca处理和Ca+Mg处理促进可溶性糖含量积累,Mg处理和Ca处理提前着色且Mg处理最终色泽最红,Ca+Mg处理虽延缓着色,但其在花后73 d与其他处理和CK果皮一样均完全着色且其果肉未退糖,而Ca处理、Mg处理和CK则表现退糖,Ca处理和Ca+Mg处理可能抑制了果肉可滴定酸的积累量,而Mg处理则促进了果肉可滴定酸的积累。从糖酸比来看,Ca处理和Ca+Mg处理改善了果肉综合风味品质,Mg处理对果肉综合风味品质无影响,且其在后期受可滴定酸含量影响较大。不同处理对果肉水溶性钙含量基本上无明显影响,仅显著影响花后50 d前的水溶镁含量(P<0.05)。一元线性回归分析显示,不同处理与CK的果肉水溶性钙、镁含量之间均极显著正相关(P<0.01)。典型相关分析结果表明,所有处理的果肉主要表现出可滴定酸含量与水溶性钙或水溶性镁含量正相关,Ca+Mg处理的果肉还表现出可溶性糖含量与水溶性镁含量正相关,因此喷施钙镁肥对妃子笑荔枝果实品质有积极作用。【结论】叶面喷施钙镁肥对妃子笑荔枝果实品质确实存在影响,喷施0.3%氯化镁水溶液解决了果皮滞绿问题,喷施0.3%氯化钙水溶液提高了果肉食用品质,喷施0.3%氯化钙和0.3%氯化镁混合水溶液克服了果肉退糖现象,在生产中可作为【Objective】Spraying the foliar nutrition of calcium and magnesium on Feizixiao litchi was explored for the effect on the main fruit quality to provide some theoretical reference and technical support for the actual production of li-tchi in China.【Method】During the period of fruit growth and development,Litchi chinensis Sonn.cv.Feizixiao fruits which were sprayed 0.3%magnesium chloride(Mg),0.3%calcium chloride(Ca)and their mixture(Ca+Mg),and clear water(CK)as experimental materials.Observed the colour angle on the peel,mineral nutrition in the pulp,and the con-tent of soluble sugar and titratable acid to analyze the characteristics of nutritional flavor quality on pulp and the relation-ship with calcium and magnesium nutrition.【Result】The soluble sugar content reached the highest value on 63 d after flowering in Mg treatment,Ca treatment,Ca+Mg treatment and CK,and Ca treatmentand Ca+Mg treatment promoted the accumulation of soluble sugar content.Mg treatmentand Ca treatment were stained in advance and the final color of Mg treatment was the reddest.The Ca+Mg treatment delayed coloration,whereas,at 73 d after anthesis,it was completely coloration as the same as other treatments and CK on peel,and its pulp was not sugar-dropping,while Ca treatment,Mg treatment and CK showed sugar-dropping.Ca and Ca+Mg treatments might inhibit titratable acid accumulation in pulp,while Mg treatment promoted the accumulation of titratable acid in pulp.In terms of the ratio of sugar to acid,Ca treat-ment and Ca+Mg treatment improved the comprehensive flavor quality of pulp,while Mg treatment had no effect on it,and it was greatly affected by the content of titratable acid in the later stage.Different treatments had no obviously effect on the content of water-soluble calcium in flesh,and only significantly affected the content of water-soluble magnesium before day 50 after anthesis.Unary linear regression analysis showed that there were extremely significant positive correla-tion between the content of water-soluble calcium

关 键 词：妃子笑荔枝 果实品质 钙 镁 叶面营养 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学]