意大利福利资本主义的“新物质匮乏”危机  

The “New Material Scarcity” Crisis in Italian Welfare Capitalism

作　　者：李凯旋[1] Li Kaixuan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院

出　　处：《世界社会主义研究》2021年第8期88-96,M0006,共10页World Socialism Studies

摘　　要：第二次世界大战后由"黄金时代"步入"丰裕社会"的意大利,在2008年国际金融危机后陷入"新物质匮乏"危机——贫困人口大规模增加,贫富差距不断加大,尤其是青年和移民的生存境遇恶化。一度缩小的国内南北发展差距,再度呈扩大态势。这与意大利自20世纪八九十年代以来加速的资本主义金融化密切相关。意大利福利资本主义因其虚弱的再分配性,亦未能在应对贫困中发挥积极作用。中左翼的中间化,及其与中右翼为逃避选民责难而惯常使用的"技术官僚"治国策略,加快了意大利的去福利化进程。尽管民粹主义的兴起迫使主流政党在改善社会救助制度上"妥协",但只要社会主义运动在政治生活中始终处于失语困境,意大利的"新物质匮乏"危机就难以得到实质性改善。Italy,which entered a “prosperous society” from the “golden age” after World War II,has fallen into a “new material scarcity” crisis after the 2008 economic crisis. The poor population has increased on a large scale;the gap between rich and poor has been widening;the living conditions of the young people and immigrants have deteriorated in particular;and the gap between North and South in development,which was once narrowed,is once again expanding.This is closely related to the accelerated capitalist financialization in Italy since the 1980 s and 1990 s. The Italian welfare capitalism has also failed to play an active role in tackling poverty. The neutralization of the center-left, and the“technocratic”governance strategies,which the center-left and the center-right often use to evade censure from the voters,have accelerated the decline of welfare in Italy. Although the rise of populism has forced the mainstream parties to“compromise”in improving social assistance,as long as the socialist movement remains in a dilemma of political aphasia,the Italian “new material scarcity” crisis will not be substantially settled.

关 键 词：意大利 福利资本主义 “新物质匮乏” 社会主义运动 

分 类 号：D754.6[政治法律—政治学]