强流脉冲电子束源陶瓷真空界面闪络特性及其抑制技术研究  

Flashover Characteristics and Inhibition Methods for a High-current Ceramic-vacuum Interface

作　　者：荀涛 孙晓亮 朱效庆 王朗宁[1] 李慧勤[3] 杨汉武[1] 刘金亮[1] 张军[1] 张建德[1] 钟辉煌[1] XUN Tao;SUN Xiaoliang;ZHU Xiaoqing;WANG Langning;LI Huiqin;YANG Hanwu;LIU Jinliang;ZHANG Jun;ZHANG Jiande;ZHONG Huihuang(College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,Hunan Province,China;Aerodynamic Research Center,Academy of Military Science PLA China,Mianyang 621000,Sichuan Province,China;BaoJi University of Arts and Science,Baoji 721013,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学前沿交叉学科学院,湖南省长沙市410073 [2]中国空气动力研究中心,四川省绵阳市621000 [3]宝鸡文理学院,陕西省宝鸡市721013

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2021年第19期6796-6805,共10页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(62071477)。

摘　　要：作为强流电子束源的关键部件之一,真空界面的沿面闪络问题严重制约和影响强流加速器和高功率微波系统的性能。该文针对强流电子束源中的陶瓷真空界面性能提升需求,首先利用VSim仿真软件建立陶瓷真空界面沿面闪络动态仿真模型,分析二次电子发射系数、二次电子倍增与碰撞电离等过程,仿真研究表面二次电子发射系数、表面解吸附气体、表面积聚电荷等因素对陶瓷沿面闪络的影响;在此基础上,结合工程样机,分别从降低表面二次电子发射系数和抑制二次电子倍增的角度,提出高温涂层和表面非周期波纹提高陶瓷耐压水平、抑制闪络的方法。在500k V、100ns、20Hz重频长脉冲平台上分别对上述2种表面处理的陶瓷真空界面开展耐压测试,结果显示:表面涂层和表面非周期波纹结构均可提高脉冲条件下陶瓷闪络电压,闪络电压提升幅度分别为12.4%和14.7%,且重频运行稳定。论文研究工作为强流脉冲功率领域陶瓷真空界面的设计与运行提供了重要参考。As a core part, the performance of a high-current electron beam source is essential for high-power sources and accelerators. Ceramic-vacuum interfaces are among the most important components of high current diodes, and the surface flashover seriously restricts their further applications in the field of HPM. In this paper, in order to improve the surface flashover voltage, a flashover dynamic simulation model of ceramic-vacuum interface was established via VSim. The flashover process was obtained by simulating the secondary electron emission coefficient, secondary electron multiplication and collision ionization. The influences of secondary electron emission coefficient, surface desorption gas, and surface charge on surface flashover for ceramic vacuum interface were analyzed. Further, from the perspectives of reducing secondary electron emission coefficient of ceramic and decreasing secondary electron multiplication process, two different methods of surface coating treatment and surface non-uniform corrugation were introduced for flashover inhibition. High voltage tests of ceramic interfaces with different surface treatment were carried out on a long-pulse repetitive platform. Results show that the two methods can improve the ceramic flashover voltage under high-voltage pulse. The surface coating treatment and non-uniform corrugation can increase the flashover voltage by 12.4% and 14.7%, respectively. These works set a good foundation for the application of ceramic-vacuum interfaces in the repetitive and long pulse high-current systems.

关 键 词：强流电子束源 陶瓷真空界面 沿面闪络 粒子仿真 表面处理 耐压测试 

分 类 号：TM21[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]