含α⁃AlH_(3)的HMX基凝聚相炸药的安全性和爆轰性能  

Safety and Detonation Performance of HMX⁃based Condensed Phase Explosives Containingα⁃AlH_(3)

作　　者：牛磊[1] 曹少庭[1] 金大勇[1] 高杰[1] 郭昕[1] NIU Lei;CAO Shao-ting;JIN Da-yong;GAO Jie;GUO Xin(Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《含能材料》2021年第10期957-963,共7页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

摘　　要：为了探索α‐AlH_(3)在凝聚相炸药中的爆轰反应规律,对α‐AlH_(3)的安全特性进行了表征。结果表明α‐AlH_(3)热稳定性较差,对温湿度敏感,处理α‐AlH_(3)样品时应控制室温不超过30℃,相对湿度不大于60%。以自主设计的梯次控温冷却直接法造型粉制备工艺,制备了以HMX为主炸药的系列含α‐AlH_(3)炸药配方样品,并对其安全性、爆轰性能、做功能力、爆炸反应过程进行了研究。结果表明,造型粉机械感度低,成型能良好;α‐AlH_(3)含量超过10%后药柱成型相对密度随α‐AlH_(3)含量增加而降低;α‐AlH_(3)的特征爆速为6078 m·s-1,含α‐AlH_(3)的HMX基凝聚相炸药与同质量分数含铝炸药相比,二者总做功能力相当,含α‐AlH_(3)炸药爆轰产物在高压和中压阶段做功能力较低;α‐AlH_(3)中的氢元素在爆轰产物中主要以氢气的形式存在。In order to explore the detonation law ofα‐AlH_(3)in condensed phase explosive,the safety features ofα‐AlH_(3)were characterized.The results indicated thatα‐AlH_(3)had poor thermal stability due to its sensitivity to temperature and humidity.The operational condition forα‐AlH_(3)samples should not exceed 30℃RT and 60%RH.HMX was selected as the main high explosive to develop a formulation containingα‐AlH_(3)with a self‐designed technology namely direct method of step temperature control and cooling.The safety,detonation performance,work capacity and explosion reaction process of the explosive were studied.The molding powder had low mechanical sensitivity and good moldability.When theα‐AlH_(3)content exceeded 10%,the relative density of the grain decreased with increasing content ofα‐AlH_(3).The characteristic detonation velocity ofα‐AlH_(3)was 6078 m·s-1.Compared with an HMX based explosive formulation containing aluminum,the counterpart withα‐AlH_(3)had an equivalent work capacity.But its work capacity was poor at the high and medium pressure stage of the detonation products.The hydrogen element inα‐AlH_(3)mainly existed in the form of hydrogen in the detonation products.

关 键 词：α‐AlH_(3) 安全性 爆轰性能 爆轰产物 做功能力 凝聚相炸药 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O64[理学—物理化学]