改性氢化镁基储氢材料的点火和爆炸特性  

Ignition and Explosion Characteristics of Modified Magnesium Hydride Based Hydrogen Storage Materials

作　　者：董卓超 吴星亮 徐飞扬 王旭 徐森[1] 刘大斌[1] DONG Zhuo-chao;WU Xing-liang;XU Fei-yang;WANG Xu;XU Sen;LIU Da-bin(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化学与化工学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《含能材料》2021年第10期977-984,共8页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：装备预研国防科技重点实验室基金项目:(6142603200509,6142603180408)。

摘　　要：为了研究改性工艺对复合储氢材料的点火和爆炸特性的影响,使用氧弹量热仪测试了Al、MgH2、复合储氢材料CM和端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)包覆后的储氢材料CM‐H的燃烧热,并研究了这4种样品在48 h内的质量变化情况。结果表明:包覆后的储氢材料CM‐H拥有最高的燃烧热:30.5633 MJ·kg-1;且在空气中48 h内增重最少,仅0.46%。这表明改性后可有效防止储氢材料在空气中发生变质,保持较高的燃烧热。用1.2 L哈特曼管、高速摄像机、20 L球爆炸测试系统对4种样品的最小点火能、火焰传播特性和爆炸压力进行了研究。结果表明:复合储氢材料CM的最小点火能为50~60 mJ,仅为铝粉(100~150 mJ)临界点火能的1/2。可见向金属材料中添加MgH2可以有效地降低点火能量。包覆后的复合储氢材料CM‐H最小点火能增加,为700~750 mJ。火焰传播速率、爆炸压力与爆炸指数的测试均显示出MgH2>CM>CM‐H>Al的规律。表明包覆后的复合储氢材料的电火花感度大大降低,安全性提高,同时具有较好的爆炸性能。In order to study the influence of modification technology on the ignition and explosion characteristics of the composite hydrogen storage materials,the combustion heat of Al,MgH2,Hydrogen storage material CM and hydrogen storage material CM‐H coated with hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)was measured by an oxygen bomb calorimeter,and the mass change of the four samples within 48 h was test as well.Results show that CM‐H has the highest combustion heat for 30.5633 MJ·kg-1.Meanwhile its mass gained within 48 h in air is the least for 0.46%.Result show that the modification can effectively prevent the performance degradation of the materials so that they can maintain a high combustion heat.The minimum ignition energy,flame propagation characteristics and explosion pressure of the four samples were studied by an 1.2 L Hartmann tube,a high‐speed camera and a 20 L ball explosion test device respectively.Results show that the minimum ignition energy of CM is 50-60 mJ,which was only a half of the critical ignition energy of aluminum powder(100-150 mJ).It indicated that the addition of MgH2 into metal materials can effectively reduce the ignition energy.The minimum ignition energy of CM‐H dramatically increased to 700-750 mJ after coating.The test results of flame propagation speed,explosion pressure and explosion index presented the performance order of MgH2>CM>CM‐H>Al.Results indicat that the modified composite hydrogen storage material has lower electric spark sensitivity,higher safety and better explosion performance.

关 键 词：复合储氢材料 最小点火能 火焰传播特性 粉尘爆炸 爆炸压力 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] TQ56[化学工程—炸药化工]