悬浮态AlH_(3)粉尘爆炸泄放过程能量输出规律  

Energy Output Behaviors of Suspended AlH_(3) Dust in Explosive Venting

作　　者：曹卫国 赵懿明 吴星亮 周温 徐司雨[3] 裴庆[3] 张云 徐森[2] CAO Wei-guo;ZHAO Yi-ming;WU Xing-liang;ZHOU Wen;XU Si-yu;PEI Qing;ZHANG Yun;XU Sen(School of Environment and Safety Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China;Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosion Laboratory,Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学环境与安全工程学院,山西太原030051 [2]南京理工大学化学与化工学院,江苏南京210094 [3]西安近代化学研究所燃烧与爆炸技术重点实验室,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《含能材料》2021年第10期985-992,共8页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11802272);装备预研国防科技重点实验室基金项目(6142603200509,6142603180408)。

摘　　要：为了研究悬浮态AlH3粉尘爆炸泄放过程的能量输出规律,采用改进后的20 L球爆炸测试系统分别对其在密闭和泄放条件下的爆炸压力和火焰传播规律进行了研究。结果表明:悬浮态AlH3与Al粉相比,在密闭体系内爆炸下限浓度由40 g·m^(-3)下降至30 g·m^(-3),表明AlH3点燃后释放氢气过程加速了整个化学反应历程;此外,密闭体系下AlH3粉尘爆炸的最大爆炸压力和爆炸压力上升速率均高于铝粉爆炸,最大爆炸压力由1.02 MPa上升至1.15 MPa,表明由于氢气释放形成了可燃气体‐可燃粉尘复合体系,使得爆炸能量释放过程更为猛烈;泄放条件下,在浓度为500 g·m^(-3)时,AlH3的爆炸压力(p)和爆炸压力上升速率(dp/dt)下降幅度最大,分别达43%和30%,表明爆炸泄放可以有效降低爆炸伤害;同时,得出爆炸泄放火焰长度和速度均在AlH3浓度为750 g·m^(-3)时达到最大,多次火焰产生概率和出现频次随浓度增加而增加。To study the energy output law of the suspended AlH3 dust in explosion and release process,a modified 20 L ball explosion test system was used to study the explosion pressure and flame propagation law in closed and venting conditions alternately.The results showed that the lower explosion limit concentration of suspended AlH3 in a closed system decreased from 40 g·m^(-3) to 30 g·m^(-3) comparing with aluminum powder,indicating that the hydrogen released by the burning AlH3 accelerated the entire chemical reaction process.In addition,both the maximum explosion pressure and explosion pressure rise rate of AlH3 dust explosion in a closed system were higher than that of the aluminum powder.The maximum explosion pressure rose from 1.02 MPa to 1.15 MPa,indicating that a combustible gas‐dust composite system was formed due to the release of hydrogen to exacerbate the violence of the explosion energy release process.Under venting conditions,when the concentration of AlH3 dust was 500 g·m^(-3),the explosion pressure(p)and pressure rise rate(dp/dt)decreased the most,reaching 43%and 30%respectively,indicating explosion venting can effectively reduce explosion damage.Moreover,it was concluded that the length and speed of the explosion vent flame reached the peak values when the concentration of AlH3 was 750 g·m^(-3),meanwhile the probability and frequency of multiple flames presented a positive correlation with the concentration.

关 键 词：AlH_(3) 爆炸压力 爆炸泄放 能量输出 火焰传播 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O64[理学—物理化学]