Al⁃Cu复合金属粉的电爆炸制备及其反应活性  

Preparation and Characterization of Al⁃Cu Composite Metal Powder by Electric Explosion Wire Method

作　　者：吕英迪[1] 姚冰洁[1] 郭涛[1] 唐望[1] 姜俊[1] 郑晓东[1] LV Ying-di;YAO Bing-jie;GUO Tao;TANG Wang;JIANG Jun;ZHENG Xiao-dong(Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《含能材料》2021年第10期993-1000,共8页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：装备发展部共用技术基金项目(41420060201)。

摘　　要：为进一步提高亚微米铝粉的反应活性,采用复合金属丝电爆炸技术制备了Al‐Cu复合金属粉,通过罗氏线圈监测了电爆炸过程中的波形图,确定制备工艺参数。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电镜电子能谱成像分析(TEM‐MAPPING),X射线电子能谱(XPS)等表征手段完成了对材料结构的分析,Al‐Cu复合金属粉主要由CuAl2与Al组成,形貌为光滑球形,平均粒度为150 nm,分析了材料结构的形成机理。分别采用DSC法与铝‐水蒸气反应法评价了材料的反应活性,DSC测试结果表明Al‐Cu复合金属粉初始氧化峰温为550℃,与同样条件下制备的铝粉相比降低了50℃,反应活性明显提高;初始氧化过程温度跨度由500~650℃变为500~600℃,初始氧化过程的时间由7.5 min缩短到5 min,放热反应速率提升了33%。水蒸气反应评价结果表明,Al‐Cu复合金属粉和Al粉的反应完全度分别为0.88和0.73,在反应初始阶段(0~10 min)Al‐Cu复合金属粉反应完全度数值达到0.36,是铝粉反应完全度的10倍,与铝粉相比Al‐Cu复合金属粉的反应活性与反应完全性大幅提高。In order to improve the reactivity of submicron aluminum powder,Al‐Cu composite metal powder was prepared by means of electric explosion composite wires.The preparation parameters were determined by monitoring the waveform with oscilloscope in the electric explosion process.The structure and morphology of the composite was characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope mapping(TEM‐MAPPING)and X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy(XPS).The Al‐Cu composites powder was consisted of CuAl2 and Al.The morphology of the material was sphere with an average size 150 nm.The forming mechanism of the morphology of the as‐prepared composite particles was analyzed.Both DSC and aluminum‐vapor methods were employed to evaluate the reactivity of the material.The first oxidation peak temperature of Al‐Cu composite metal powder was 550℃,as shown in its DSC curve.This parameter was decreased by 50℃comparing with Al prepared with the same parameters.This results indicated that as‐prepared composite particles had better reactivity.The first oxidation process of Al‐Cu composite metal powder lasted from 500℃to 600℃within 5 mins,while the counterpart lasted from 500℃to 650℃within 7.5 min.Comparing with Al,the heat release rate of Al‐Cu composite metal pow‐der was increased by 33%during the first oxidation process.The reaction completeness of the as‐prepared composite particles was 0.88 tested by aluminum‐water reaction method,but it was only 0.73 for the counterpart.During the first 10 mins of aluminum‐vapor reaction,the reaction completeness of Al‐Cu composite powder was 0.36 which was as much as ten times that of the counterpart.The result suggested that the reactivity of the composite was improved a lot.

关 键 词：金属丝电爆炸法 Al‐Cu复合金属粉 纳米粒子 铝粉 铝‐水蒸气反应 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术]