法定犯的扩张与适用的限缩——以生产、销售假药罪的修改为例  

Expansion and Applicable Limitation of Legal Crime:Taking the Revision of the Crime of Producing and Selling Counterfeit Drugs as an Example

作　　者：孙万怀[1] 孙韶逸 SUN Wan-huai;SUN Shao-yi(School of Criminal Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院,上海201620

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第5期69-78,共10页Journal of Soochow University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学重大项目“健全支持民营经济发展的刑事法治研究”(项目编号:20&ZD198)子课题“民营企业刑事风险规制研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：刑法修订的一个重要特征体现为积极主义的立法趋势,入罪门槛降低以及法益性模糊,由此造成法定犯的不断扩张。生产、销售假药罪成为"修改之最"(修改频率),反映了立法者从最初对法定犯的认识错误到最终的自我修复,即从最初的定罪不断提前直至与行政罚高度竞合,到《刑法修正案(十一)》完成符合刑法理性的复归,回到了相对积极主义的限缩适用的思路。该罪应该被确定为实质犯,假药是指《药品管理法》中的实质上假药的部分,体现了对不纯正法定犯的认同,从而证明了刑法规范追求的不是一个简单的对数量和情节的叠加,而是行为本身危险的存在,而这种危险又可以体现为刑法对相对违法性的追求。落实到法定犯的认定,即使承认法益侵害理论,在认定时也必须叠加个人法益,否则行为不应该进入刑法评价的视野。由此,对于积极主义的立法观也应一分为二看待,立法的"积极主义"是一个中性概念,满足刑法立法的道德诉求才是刑法规范合理性的依据。An important feature of the amendment of criminal law is embodied in the legislative trend of positivism.The lower threshold and the ambiguity of legal interest result in the continuous expansion of legal crime.The crime of producing and selling counterfeit drugs has become"the most revised"(the frequency of revision),which reflects the lawmaker from the initial misunderstanding of the legal crime to the final self-repair.That is,from the initial progressive advancement of convictions until a high degree of competition with administrative penalties,the Criminal Law Amendment(Ⅺ)completes a return to a relatively positivist idea of restricted application in line with the rationality of criminal law.This crime should be determined as a substantial crime.Counterfeit drug refers to the part of the Drug Administration Law that is essentially counterfeit drug,which reflects the identification of the impure legal crime.It proves that what the criminal law pursues is not a simple superposition of quantity and circumstance,but the existence of the danger of the act itself.This danger can be reflected in the pursuit of relative illegality in criminal law.When it comes to the identification of legal crime,even if the legal interests infringed theory is admitted,individual legal interest must be taken into extra consideration in the identification,otherwise the behavior should not enter the vision of criminal law evaluation.Therefore,the legislative view of positivism should be divided into two views.The"positivism"of legislation is a neutral concept,and satisfying the moral appeal of criminal law legislation is the basis of the rationality of criminal law norms.

关 键 词：法定犯 生产销售假药罪 限缩 相对违法性 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]