基于区块链技术的产消者P2P电能智能交易合约  

P2P Smart Power Trading Contract Based on Blockchain Technology

作　　者：单俊嘉 董子明 胡俊杰 黄啟茹 王飞 SHAN Junjia;DONG Ziming;HU Junjie;HUANG Qiru;WANG Fei(State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources(North China Electric Power University),Changping District,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]新能源电力系统国家重点实验室(华北电力大学),北京市昌平区102206

出　　处：《电网技术》2021年第10期3830-3839,共10页Power System Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51877078)。

摘　　要：随着分布式资源比例在配电网中不断提高,如何为拥有源荷二重属性的产消者提供低信任成本交易平台和经济性高的智能合约是一个重要的问题。具有分布式特点和工作量证明(proof of work,PoW)安全机理的区块链技术被认为是目前最为适合分布式能源交易的工具之一。针对多产消者电能交易问题提出了区块链技术支撑的P2P智能合约。首先,建立了产消者的资源量化模型;其次,提出了基于P2P思路的产消者日前合约制定方法,产消者通过拉格朗日解耦原理和次梯度法对电能计划函数进行求解,期间根据价格更新函数在辅助区块链上实现信息交互,充分保护了用户的隐私安全,最终日前交易结果将存入内容可追溯的区块链账单中;在实时环节,全体产消者基于满足激励相容理论的VCG(vickrey-clarke-groves)规则对可能存在的功率偏差进行P2P电能交易,并将达成共识后的交易结果计入账单,在保证满足实时交易时限的同时提供了结算方便的区块链代币;最后通过算例验证了所提智能合约的有效性。With the increasing proportion of distributed resources in the distribution network,it has become an important scientific problem how to provide a trading platform with low trust cost and a trading method with high economy for prosumers with dual attributes of source and load.The blockchain platform with distributed characteristics and PoW security mechanism is considered as one of the most suitable tools for energy trading.This paper establishes a P2P transaction mechanism supported by the blockchain technology for market-oriented operations involving prolific prosumers.First,a quantitative model of resources for the prosumers is established.Secondly,the P2P day-ahead contract is proposed.The prosumers use the Lagrangian decoupling principle and the sub-gradient method to solve the energy planning function.During the period,the price update function is used to achieve information interaction on the auxiliary blockchain,which fully protects the user’s privacy and security.The final day-ahead transaction results will be stored in the blockchain bill with traceable content.In the P2P real-time contract,all prosumers do P2P energy transactions to conduct possibly existing power deviation based on the VCG(vickrey-clarke-groves)rules that satisfy the incentive compatibility theory.The consensus transaction results are included in the bill,which guarantees to meet the real-time transaction time limit while providing a convenient settlement blockchain token.Finally,the calculation example verifies the validity of the proposed smart contract.

关 键 词：区块链 产消者 P2P交易 智能合约 共识机制 

分 类 号：TM721[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]