土荆芥挥发油对玉米象和赤拟谷盗的熏蒸、触杀与驱避活性  

Fumigant and Contact Toxicity Repellent Activities of Essential Oil Extracts from Dysphania Ambrosioides Against Sitophilus Zeamais and Tribolium Castaneum

作　　者：李敬丹 杨悦玲 李春燕 余晚霞 秦赵曦 单正威 黄逸秋 梁倩 Li Jingdan;Yang Yueling;Li Chunyan;Yu Wanxia;Qin Zhaoxi;Shan Zhengwei;Huang Yiqiu;Liang Qian(Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China,Ministry of Education,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224;Yunnan Tobacco Company Lijiang Branch,Lijiang 674800)

机构地区：[1]西南山地森林资源保育与利用教育部重点实验室,西南林业大学林学院,昆明650224 [2]云南省烟草公司丽江市公司,丽江674800

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2021年第9期172-178,共7页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31201572);西南林业大学人才引进项目(111307)。

摘　　要：研究土荆芥挥发油的化学成分及对玉米象和赤拟谷盗的熏蒸、触杀与驱避活性。用水蒸气蒸馏的方法提取土荆芥挥发油,气相-质谱法分析挥发油的化学成分;用密闭熏蒸法、点滴法与滤纸扩散法对玉米象和赤拟谷盗的熏蒸、触杀与驱避活性进行了测定。从土荆芥挥发油中共检出94种化合物,相对质量分数较高的有:(+)-4-蒈烯(36.136%)、2-蒈烯(23.897%)、邻伞花烃(10.992%)、驱蛔素环氧化物(9.047%),驱蛔素(4.882%)等。土荆芥挥发油对玉米象和赤拟谷盗熏蒸活性LC_(50)值分别为1.35 mg/L和2.83 mg/L;对玉米象和赤拟谷盗的触杀活性LD_(50)值分别为16.80μg/头和29.35μg/头;当使用量为58.975μg/cm^(2)时,处理2 h和4 h,土荆芥挥发油对玉米象的驱避率分别为45%和47%,对赤拟谷盗的驱避率分别为76%和80%。土荆芥挥发油对玉米象和赤拟谷盗两种仓储害虫均有良好的熏蒸、触杀与驱避活性,可望从土荆芥挥发油中发现对两种仓储害虫具有良好生物活性的化合物。The chemical constituents,fumigant and contact toxicity repellent activities of the essential oil from Dysphania ambrosioides against two stored product insects of Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum were investigated in the present study.The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation method and the compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.Filter paper impregnation were used for testing fumigant toxicity and repellent activities.Topical application method was employed for contact toxicity studies.Ninety-four compounds were identified and the main components were(+)-4-carene(36.136%),2-carene(23.897%),o-cymene(10.992%),ascaridole epoxide(9.047%),ascaridole(4.882%).The essential oil of D.ambrosioides possessed fumigant toxicities against S.zeamais(LC 50=1.35 mg/L)and T.castaneum(LC_(50)=2.83 mg/L)adults,and also exhibited strong contact toxicity against S.zeamais(LD_(50)=16.80μg/adult)and T.castaneum(LD_(50)=29.35μg/adult).At the highest consumption of 58.975μg/cm^(2),the D.ambrosioides essential oil showed repellence rates of 45%and 47%against S.zeamais respectively at 2 h and 4 h after exposure;and also exhibited 76%and 80%respectively,repellency against T.castaneum at 2 h and 4 h after exposure.The results indicated that the essential oil of D.ambrosioides had the potential to be developed as a natural insecticide or repellents for the control of S.zeamais and T.castaneum.

关 键 词：土荆芥挥发油 玉米象 赤拟谷盗 熏蒸活性 触杀活性 驱避活性 

分 类 号：S482.39[农业科学—农药学]