铜冶炼阳极炉镁铬质耐火材料损毁机理  

Damage Mechanism of Magnesium-chromium Refractories for Copper Smelting Anode Furnace

作　　者：张宁轩 肖国庆[1] 段锋[1] 丁冬海 种小川 侯星 冯润棠 田晓利 牟一康 ZHANG Ningxuan;DUAN Fengi;DING Donghai;XIAO Guoqing;CHONG Xiaochuan;FEN Runtang;TIAN Xiaoli;MOU Yikang(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an 710055,China;Puyang Refractories Group Co.,Ltd.,Technology Center,Puyang 457100,Henan,China;SDIC Jincheng Metallurgical Co.,Ltd,Lingbao 472500,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学材料科学与工程学院,西安710055 [2]濮阳濮耐高温材料(集团)股份有限公司技术中心,河南濮阳457100 [3]国投金城冶金有限责任公司,河南灵宝472500

出　　处：《硅酸盐学报》2021年第9期2025-2035,共11页Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society

基　　金：陕西省重点研发项目(2018ZDXM-GY-128);国家自然科学基金(NO.51572212,51772236);陕西省教育厅协同创新项目(Z20200170)。

摘　　要：采用X射线荧光光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、透反射偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜-能谱仪对铜冶炼阳极炉渣及位于阳极炉不同部位的镁铬砖进行表征,研究了镁铬砖的损毁机理。研究表明:服役8个月的回转式阳极炉端墙、筒体、氧化还原风口镁铬砖蚀损指数分别为:8.9%、21.6%、55.1%。端墙镁铬砖主要受硅酸盐相的侵蚀生成镁橄榄石(Mg_(2)SiO_(4)),镁橄榄石在镁铬砖热端形成致密挂渣层,阻碍铜液及熔渣的侵蚀渗透,镁铬砖蚀损程度最小。筒体镁铬砖受铜及氧化亚铜侵蚀渗透大,炉体转动及严重的侵蚀渗透使得镁铬砖发生结构剥落的几率增大,其蚀损程度大于端墙镁铬砖。氧化还原风口镁铬砖在氧化阶段经受的高氧势作用使其受氧化亚铜侵蚀最大,造渣时加入的碱性熔剂碳酸钠对镁铬砖侵蚀的加剧作用也更明显:Na_(2)CO_(3)分解产生的Na_(2)O与部分铬尖晶石反应生成Na_(2)Cr_(2)O_(4),破坏镁铬砖直接结合;此外,熔体冲刷、湍流及还原剂喷吹等复杂的服役环境导致氧化还原风口镁铬砖结构剥落频发,蚀损程度最大。Copper smelting anode slag and magnesia-chrome brick located in different parts of rotary anode furnace were characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction reflection polarizing microscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)-energy dispersive spectroscopy.The damage mechanism of magnesia-chrome brick was investigated.The results show that the damage index of the magnesia-chrome bricks at the end wall,cylinder and tuyere(redox opening)of the anode furnace in service for 8 months are 8.9%,21.6%,and 55.1%,respectively.The end wall magnesia chrome brick is mainly eroded by silicate phase to form forsterite(Mg_(2)SiO_(4)),which forms a dense slag layer at the hot end of magnesia chrome brick,and hinders the erosion and penetration of molten copper and slag,leading to the minimum corrosion degree of magnesia chrome brick.The magnesia chrome brick of cylinder is corroded and penetrated by copper and cuprous oxide.The rotation of furnace and serious erosion and penetration increase the probability of structural spalling of magnesia chrome brick,and the degree of erosion is greater than that of end wall magnesia chrome brick.A high oxygen potential of the redox tuyere magnesia-chrome brick in the oxidation stage can suffer the greatest penetration of cuprous oxide.The alkaline flux sodium carbonate added during slagging has a more obvious aggravating effect on the erosion of the magnesia-chrome brick.Na_(2)O from Na_(2)CO_(3) decomposition reacts with part of the chromium spinel to form Na_(2)Cr_(2)O_(4),which destroys the direct bonding of magnesia-chrome bricks.In addition,the complex service environment such as melt erosion,turbulence,and reducing agent injection causes a frequent peeling of the redox tuyere magnesia-chrome brick structure with the maximum degree of corrosion.

关 键 词：粗铜精炼 阳极炉 镁铬砖 损毁机理 侵蚀 渗透 

分 类 号：TQ175.1[化学工程—硅酸盐工业]