X射线晶体结构解析技术在高分子表征研究中的应用  

X-ray Diffraction Methodology for Crystal Structure Analysis in Characterization of Polymer

作　　者：扈健[1] 王梦梵[2] 吴婧华 Jian Hu;Meng-fan Wang;Jing-hua Wu(Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics,Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber plastics,Qingdao University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266042;The Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymer,University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029)

机构地区：[1]青岛科技大学教育部/山东橡塑重点实验室,青岛266042 [2]北京化工大学碳纤维及复合材料教育部重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《高分子学报》2021年第10期1390-1405,共16页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(基金号21704053)资助项目。

摘　　要：高分子材料结构具有多尺度的复杂性,解析高分子材料各级微观结构并建立结构与性能之间的关系是高分子研究领域的重要目标和挑战.对结晶性高分子而言,第一步工作就是对其晶体结构进行表征和解析,X射线衍射法是高分子晶体结构解析中最经典也是最常用的方法.本文主要介绍X射线衍射等技术在高分子晶体解析中的基本原理和测试表征方法,总结概述近些年来晶体结构解析在高分子领域内的主要进展以及应用.通过晶体结构解析的方法建立可靠的高分子晶体结构,不仅可以应用于新合成结晶高分子结构的解析,也可以进一步研究高分子各级结构在外场作用下的演变,探明微观结构与宏观性能之间的关系.Because of complicated multi-scale structure for the polymer material,studying microscopic structure of polymer and clarifying the relationship between structure and physical property are the major goal and challenge in the polymer science.For the crystalline polymer,crystal structure should be analyzed and established at first.X-ray diffraction is the most classical and conventional method for the crystal structure analysis in polymers,which gives the detailed information of molecular chain conformation,chain aggregation in the crystal lattice.This article reviews the main principles and experimental techniques of X-ray diffraction methodology,and also summarizes the progress and application in the polymer field over the past decade.By utilizing X-ray diffraction method,the crystal structure of newly synthesized crystalline polymers can be analyzed,which may help us recognize crystal phase transition and hierarchical structure evolution by the external force,and also study towards the microscopic clarification of structure-property relationship.By combining other techniques such as neutron scattering,electron diffraction,nuclear magnetic resonance,vibrational spectroscopy and computer simulation,the crystal structure of polymers with higher reliability can be established,leading us to the highly quantitative discussion from the molecular level.For this purpose,the study of polymer crystal structure is still on the way,and the contents may be helpful for the beginners and researchers.

关 键 词：结晶性高分子 晶体结构 X射线衍射 结构与性能 

分 类 号：TQ317.2[化学工程—高聚物工业]