五种鲤形态性状与体质量相关性及形态差异分析  

Analysis of Correlation Between Morphological Traits and Body Mass and Morphological Variation in Five Varieties of Common Carp(Cyprinus carpio)

作　　者：姜晓娜 李池陶[1] 葛彦龙[1] 胡雪松[1] 石连玉[1] 贾智英[1] JIANG Xiaona;LI Chitao;GE Yanlong;HU Xuesong;SHI Lianyu;JIA Zhiying(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin 150076,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,农业农村部淡水水产生物技术与遗传育种重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150076

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2021年第4期7-14,共8页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(TD2019C004);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费资助项目(2020TD31);国家大宗淡水鱼类产业技术体系鲤种质资源与品种改良(CARS-45-06)项目共同资助

摘　　要：本研究以体质量为因变量,形态性状为自变量,利用通径分析计算出的通径系数和决定系数,研究了黑龙江野鲤Cyprinus carpio、黄河鲤Cyprinus carpio haematopterus、松浦镜鲤Cyprinus carpio Songpu mirror、易捕鲤以及元江鲤Cyprinus carpio yuankiang体长、体高、体厚及头长对体质量的影响及其形态差异。结果表明,五种鲤的4个形态性状与体质量之间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);表型性状中均为体质量变异系数最高。体长、体高和体厚是影响黑龙江野鲤和易捕鲤体质量的主要性状;体长和体高是影响黄河鲤、松浦镜鲤体质量的主要性状;体长是影响元江鲤体质量的主要性状。随后对五种鲤体高/体长、体厚/体长、头长/体长3种形态比例性状进行了单因素方差分析和聚类分析。单因素方差分析结果表明,五个鲤群体间三种形态比例形状差异显著(P<0.05)。聚类分析结果表明:黑龙江野鲤、黄河鲤、元江鲤及易捕鲤聚为一支,而松浦镜鲤与其他四种鲤群体的三种比例性状距离较远。五种鲤群体中有些群体的体高/体长和头长/体长的比例性状差异系数大于1.28,达到亚种水平。综上,本研究确定了影响五种鲤体质量的主要形态性状,确定了五种鲤群体在三种形态比例性状上的差异主要体现在体高/体长,其中松浦镜鲤较其余四种鲤具有较大差异。To reveal the relationship between body mass and four morphometric traits including body length,body depth,body width and head length and morphological variation of Heilongjiang carp(Cyprinus carpio),Yellow River common carp(Cyprinus carpio haematopterus),songpu mirror carp(Cyprinus carpio Songpu mirror),easily caught carp,and Yuanjiang carp(Cyprinus carpio yuankiang),correlation analysis among the various traits and morphological variation were carried out by path coefficient and determination coefficient calculated through path analysis and multiple regression equation with body mass as the dependent variable and morphological traits as the independent variable.The results showed that there was very significant correlation coefficients between the four morphological traits and body mass in the five varieties of common carp(P<0.01),with the maximal variation coefficient of body mass among the five varieties of common carp.It was found that the main traits affecting body mass were body length,body depth and body width in Heilongjiang carp and easy caught carp.Body length and body depth were the major factors influencing body mass of Yellow River common carp and songpu mirror carp.Body length was the key effective factor on body mass of Yuanjiang carp.Subsequently,the three morphological ratios including body depth/body length,body thickness/body length,and head length/body length were analyzed in the five varieties of common carp by one-way ANOVA analysis and cluster analysis.The one-way ANOVA analysis showed that there were obvious significant differences in the three morphological proportions among the five varieties of common carp(P<0.05).The cluster analysis results revealed that Heilongjiang carp,Yellow River common carp,Yuanjiang carp and easily catch carp clustered into one group,while songpu mirror carp and the other four carp populations were far apart in the three proportional traits.The severed populations in the five varieties of common carp had coefficients of difference with the value more than 1.28

关 键 词：鲤 形态性状 体质量 单因素方差分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]