基于稳定同位素技术的南湾水库食物网结构研究  

Food Web Structure in Nanwan Reservoir Based on Analysis of Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotopes

作　　者：李峥[1,2] 魏廷 马原野 曾鹏 杨东辉 郭旭升[1,2] 赵良杰 黄荣静[1,2] LI Zheng;WEI Ting;MA Yuanye;ZENG Peng;YANG Donghui;GUO Xusheng;ZHAO Liangjie;HUANG Rongjing(Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University,Xinyang 464000,China;Modern Fishery Biological Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province,Xinyang 464000,China;Nanwan Reservoir Management Bureau,Xinyang 464000,China)

机构地区：[1]信阳农林学院,河南信阳464000 [2]河南省渔业生物工程技术研究中心,河南信阳464000 [3]南湾水库管理局,河南信阳464000

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2021年第4期15-21,共7页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：信阳市重大科技专项基金“信阳市大型水库资源调查与水环境控制技术”.

摘　　要：为量化水库生态系统中物质和能量流动途径与主要生物的营养层次,为水库生态资源的合理利用提供基础参数和科学依据,2017年5月、9月、11月和2018年4月在河南省信阳市南湾水库的径流谭家河、董家河、浉河港及库区中下游敞水区设置六个采样点,按规范标准收集浮游动物、浮游植物和颗粒有机物(POM)样品;用刺网和地笼及捕捞生产渔获物中收集鱼类、虾类、螺类样品,利用碳氮稳定同位素技术研究了南湾水库的生态系统食物网结构。结果表明:南湾水库中,消费者的碳稳定同位素比值(δ^(13)C)在-31.10‰~-22.14‰,氮稳定同位素比值(δ^(15)N)的范围为6.84‰~14.27‰。δ^(13)C分析显示:浮游植物为大部分鱼类食物的主要来源;敞水区鱼类δ^(13)C整体较低,可能与该区域受陆源碳源影响较小有关。δ^(15)N的营养级分析显示:花䱻Hemibarbus maculatus的营养级最高(TL=3.95);其次为似鱎Toxabramis swinhonis、青稍鲌Culter dabryi、翘嘴鲌Culter alburnus、子陵吻鰕虎Rhinogobius giurinus、黄䱂Hypseleotris swinhonis和红鳍原鲌Cultrichthys erythropterus等肉食性鱼类,营养级为3.39~3.51;泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus、䱗Hemiculter leucisculus、棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis、黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco、马口鱼Opsariichthys uncirostrisbidens等温和肉食性鱼类和肉食性为主的杂食性鱼类,营养级为3.00~3.38;日本沼虾Macrobrachium nipponense、大鳍鱎Acheilognathus macropterus、鲫Carassius auratus、团头鲂Megalobrama amblycephala、兴凯鱎Acheilognathus chankaensis、鳙Aristichthys nobilis、鲢Hypophthalmichthys molitrix为杂食偏植食性物种,营养级为2.30~2.97;盎堂拟鲿Pseudobagrus ondon、黄尾鲴Xenocypris davidi和大鳞副泥鳅Paramisgurnus dabryanus营养级较低,为1.76~1.97。营养级除与食性相关外,可能还受到物种生境选择的影响。The ecosystem food web structure was investigated via zooplankton,phytoplankton and particulate organic matter(POM)samples collected by routine method and via fish,shrimp,and snail samples collected by gill nets and traps and from the catch production in 6 sampling sites in the runoff of the Nanwan Reservoir in Xinyang City in Henan Province in May,September,November 2017,and April 2018,including Tanjia River,Dongjia River,and Shihe Port and the open water area of the middle and lower reaches of the reservoir area by carbon and nitrogen stable isotope technology in order to quantify the material and energy flow pathways in the reservoir ecosystem and the nutritional level of the main organisms,and to provide basic parameters and scientific basis for the rational use of reservoir ecological resources.The results showed that the carbon stable isotope ratio(δ^(13)C)of the consumers in Nanwan Reservoir was ranged from-31.10‰to-22.14‰,and the nitrogen stable isotope ratio(δ^(15)N)ranged from 6.84‰to 14.27‰.The analysis ofδ^(13)C showed that phytoplankton were the main source of food for most fish,with relatively lowδ^(13)C in the fish inhabited open water,which may be attributed in the fact that the area is less affected by terrestrial carbon sources.Theδ^(15) N analysis revealed that Hemibarbus maculatus dominated the highest trophic level(TL=3.95),followed by carnivorous fish,with TL of 3.39~3.51,such as Toxabramis swinhonis,Culter dabryi,Culter alburnus,Rhinogobius giurinus,Hypseleotris swinhonis,and Cultrichthys erythropterus.The trophic level of insectivorous fish and omnivorous fish feeding insects was shown to be primarily 3.00~3.38,and the trophic level of omnivorous fish feeding plants to be 2.30~2.97,including loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus,Hemiculter leucisculus,Abbottina rivularis,yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco,Opsariichthys uncirostrisbidens;oriental freshwater prawn Macrobrachium nipponense,Acheilognathus macropterus,Carassius auratus,Megalobrama amblycephala,Acheilognathus chankae

关 键 词：稳定同位素 食物网 营养级 南湾水库 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]