直流自然换流式接触器设计与均压开断研究  

Design and Uniform Voltage Breaking Research of a DC Natural Current Commutation Contactor

作　　者：贾博文[1] 武建文[1] 夏尚文 罗晓武 岳云霞 Jia Bowen;Wu Jianwen;Xia Shangwen;Luo Xiaowu;Yue Yunxia(School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University,Beijing 100191 China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学自动化科学与电气工程学院,北京100191

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2021年第20期4371-4378,共8页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51977002);国家自然科学基金重点项目(51937004)资助。

摘　　要：该文基于一种直流自然换流式接触器拓扑结构,采用承载额定电流的通流支路触头和实现电路开断的灭弧支路触头相并联的形式解决航空、航天及新能源等领域向更高电压等级发展的直流开断需求。通过理论分析和相应的实验来研究该并联拓扑结构不同支路间电流的换流特性及燃弧特性。针对电路开断过程中灭弧支路串联多断口间呈电压不均匀分布现象,提出结构调控及磁场调控两种调节方式,使用动态Mayr修正模型研究不同调控方式下灭弧触头均压开断效果。定义了一种衡量动态开断过程中串联多断口电弧电压均匀系数,得到优化灭弧触头动作特性的结构调控方式,将电压均匀系数从54.1%提升到80.1%。针对灭弧触头动作的分散性,进一步采取磁场调控方式将电压均匀系数提升到98.05%,均匀的电压分布提高了串联多断口结构的开断能力及电寿命。Based on a DC natural current commutation topology,this paper uses the current-loading branch contacts carrying rated current and multiple sets of series arcing branch contacts in parallel to achieve circuit breaking,which can meet the DC switching demand of higher voltage levels in aviation,aerospace and new energy fields.After theoretical analysis and corresponding experiments,the current commutation characteristics and arcing characteristics of different branches of the topology are studied,and the phenomenon of uneven voltage distribution among the multi-fractures in series of arcing branches during circuit breaking is obtained.Two adjustment methods,structural adjustment and magnetic field adjustment are proposed,and the dynamic Mayr correction model is used to study the equalizing breaking effect of arcing contacts under different adjustment methods.A method to measure the voltage uniformity coefficient of arcs in series with multiple breaks during dynamic breaking process is defined,and a structure control method that optimizes the action characteristics of the arcing contact is obtained.The voltage uniformity coefficient is increased from 54.1%to 80.1%.Aiming at the dispersion of the arcing contact action,the magnetic field control method is further adopted to increase the voltage uniformity coefficient to 98.05%,and the uniform voltage distribution improves the breaking capacity and electrical life of multiple serial connection structures.

关 键 词：直流开断 电弧形态 电压均匀系数 均压调控方式 

分 类 号：TM561[电气工程—电器]