《金史》本纪与《国史》关系再探——苏天爵“金亦尝为国史”辨说  

Study of the Relationship of Jin History and National History——Examining“Jin Dynasty Compiled National History”by Su Tianjue

作　　者：陈晓伟 CHEN Xiaowei(Department of History,Fudan University,Shanghai,China 200433)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史学系,上海200433

出　　处：《内蒙古师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第4期34-45,共12页Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“行国政治与北族王朝国家治理问题”(17CMZ007);国家高层次人才特殊支持计划(W03070150)的研究成果之一。

摘　　要：苏天爵《三史质疑》是研究《辽史》《宋史》《金史》纂修问题最重要的文献,然而疑点颇多。据此提出的金朝纂修《国史》,以及元修《金史·太宗纪》《熙宗纪》的底本为《国史》本纪的观点,须重新检讨。目前支撑苏天爵“金亦尝为国史”说的佐证《金史·酷吏传序》《地理志》《大金德运图说》及赵秉文《祁忠毅公传》,其实都存在诸多破绽。唯有探索整体编纂模式,才能彻底厘清史料来源、构成的诸条脉络,从而解决史书体例问题。笔者从金代文献中发掘《太宗实录》《熙宗实录》,将其文本与《金史》互证,由此整合出元人修史所据太宗、熙宗两朝文献的整体面目。其总量绝非今本《太宗纪》《熙宗纪》所呈现得如此之少,而是具备一定规模,各形式的材料相当丰富,如诏令文书、君臣对话、叙事细节及人物附传等等。这些根本不是《国史》本纪这种体例承载的内容,真正来自实录。最终表明,元修《太宗纪》《熙宗纪》蓝本当为实录。Doubts on Three Histories by SU Tianjue is the most important document to study the compilation and modification of Liao History,Song History and Jin History,but there are many doubts in it.It is necessary to reexamine his view that Jin Dynasty compiled National History and Taizong Biography of Jin Dynasty and XiZong Biography modified by Yuan Dynasty are the origin of National History.At present,“Jin Dynasty compiled National History”by SU Tianjue is supported by Kuli Lineage of Jin History,Geography,Power Discussion of Jin Dynasty and Qizhongyi Biography by ZHAO Bingwen in which there are many doubts.Only by exploring the overall compilation mode can we thoroughly clarify the sources of historical materials and various lines of formation,so as to solve the problem of historical writing style.The author excavates Taizong Records and Xizong Records from the Jin dynasty documents,verifies the texts with Jin History,and concludes the overall development of the documents of Taizong and XiZong periods which were referred by Yuan people in history modification.The total amount is not so small as it appears in Taizong Biography and Xizong Biography,but it has a certain scale and abundant materials in various forms of imperial edits,dialogues between emperors and officials,narrative details,biography and so on.These are not the content of the style of National History,but come from the actual records.It is concluded that Taizong Biography and Xizong Biography modified by Yuan Dynasty are the actual records.

关 键 词：苏天爵 《三史质疑》 《金史》 《国史》 实录 

分 类 号：K24[历史地理—历史学]