强光胁迫下农田人参不同表型种质抗性评价  

Resistance Evaluation of Different Phenotypes of Farmland Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Germplasm Under High Light Stress

作　　者：陈佳颖 王业 徐福荣 李西文 CHEN Jia-ying;WANG Ye;XU Fu-rong;LI Xi-wen(College of Traditional ChineseMedicine,Yunnan University of ChineseMedicine,Kunming 650500,China;Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]云南中医药大学中药学院,昆明650500 [2]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2021年第20期121-129,共9页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1702100,2019YFC1710601);国家“重大新药创制”科技重大专项(2019ZX09201005-006-001)。

摘　　要：目的:探究农田栽培模式下不同表型人参对强光胁迫的生理响应,为农田参新品种选育和田间精细管理提供理论支撑。方法:以4年生不同茎色人参植株为试验材料,无色透光薄膜代替蓝膜进行强光胁迫,考察人参叶片生长状态、叶片光响应曲线、光合和荧光等参数变化,同时分析胁迫前后叶片超微结构特征,比较不同表型人参对强光生理适应性及细胞超微结构差异。结果:在强光胁迫下,人参叶色变浅,叶绿素含量大幅减少,叶缘出现"灼烧"现象。紫茎人参最大净光合速率和光饱和点均大于绿茎人参;紫茎人参蒸腾速率和水分利用率等气体交换参数具有逆境优势;光合电子传递速率、最大光化学效率、光化学猝灭系数等叶绿素荧光参数均高于绿茎人参。2种种质超微结构均有变化,绿茎人参质壁分离现象更加明显,叶绿体膜破裂,内含物外渗,淀粉粒、嗜锇小体累积数量增多;紫茎叶绿体膜结构相对稳定,多泡体数目强光下比绿茎增加显著。结论:强光胁迫下不同茎色的农田人参叶片生长均受到抑制,绿茎人参受强光胁迫后光合效率大幅下降,叶绿体完整性受到破坏,对逆境的生理抵抗性较弱。紫茎人参通过自身特殊的细胞构造和非光化学猝灭优势,减缓了强光胁迫对植株光合系统的破坏,可培育成抗逆新品种。Objective: To investigate the physiological response of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma with different phenotypes to high light stress under farmland cultivation mode,and to provide theoretical support for breeding of and fine management of new varieties of farmland ginseng. Method: Four-year-old ginseng plants with different stem colors were used as materials,and blue film was replaced by the colorless and translucent film for performing high light stress and investigating the change of growth status,light response curve,photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters of ginseng leaves. Meanwhile,the physiological adaptability and cell ultrastructural differences of ginseng with different phenotypes for strong light were compared by analyzing the variation of leaf ultrastructural characteristics before and after the stress. Result: The color of ginseng leaves became weak and the content of chlorophyll was greatly decreased with burning phenomenon on the leaf margin under high light stress. The maximum net photosynthetic rate and light saturation point of purple-stem ginseng were higher than those of green-stem ginseng. Transpiration rate,water use efficiency and other gas exchange parameters of purple-stem ginseng had adversity advantages,photosynthetic electron transport rate,maximum photochemical efficiency,photochemical quenching coefficient and other chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were higher than those of green-stem ginseng. There were changes in ultrastructure of the two germplasms,and the plasmolysis of green-stem ginseng was more obvious,its chloroplast membrane ruptured,the contents were exuded and the accumulation of starch grains and osmiophilic bodies increased. The chloroplast membrane structure of purple-stem germplasm was relatively stable,and its number of multivesicular bodies increased significantly by comparing with that of green-stem ginseng under high light. Conclusion: High light stress inhibits the leaf growth of farmland ginseng with different stem colors. The photosynthetic efficiency of greens

关 键 词：人参 农田栽参 叶绿素荧光 超微结构 光合作用 抗逆新品种 光胁迫 

分 类 号：S567.51[农业科学—中草药栽培] R931[农业科学—作物学]