我国虾类养殖业地理集聚特征及空间演变趋势  

Geographical agglomeration characteristic and spatial evolution trends of shrimp aquaculture industry in China

作　　者：熊昭娣[1] 郭印[1] 周微微 戴习林[2] 刘红[2] XIONG Zhaodi;GUO Yin;ZHOU Weiwei;DAI Xilin;LIU Hong(Shanghai Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry,Shanghai 201699,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,College of Fisheries and Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海农林职业技术学院,上海201699 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2021年第18期26-32,147,共8页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

摘　　要：为探讨我国虾类养殖业地理集聚的时空特征和集聚效应,本研究运用区位基尼系数、产业集中率、区位熵3个指标研究我国虾类养殖业地理集聚特征及空间演变趋势。结果表明:2007—2019年我国虾类养殖业呈全面快速增长的特征,克氏原螯虾养殖产量的增长最为显著,南美白对虾次之。2007—2019年我国虾类养殖业的地理集聚特征显著,斑节对虾集聚水平最高,南美白对虾最低,而虾类养殖业整体的集聚水平呈扩散趋势,并逐步形成以东部沿海和中部沿江为主的两大虾类养殖带。从虾类养殖业的空间演变趋势来看,虾类养殖业的南北分异特征明显,南方地区在虾类养殖方面具有整体优势(尤其对于南美白对虾、罗氏沼虾、日本沼虾、克氏原螯虾和斑节对虾),而北方地区在日本对虾和中国对虾养殖方面更具优势;从东西地域来看,我国虾类养殖业集中在东部地区,中西部地区虾类养殖业集聚水平不断提高。我国虾类养殖业地理集聚的空间分布由自然资源禀赋差异确定基本格局,养殖技术、经济发展、渔业政策等要素成为重构我国虾类养殖业地理集聚的重要推手。因此,建议依托自然资源禀赋优势,加强科技创新,构建具有地方特色、符合地方渔业实际的虾类养殖模式,以促进绿色发展。In order to explore spatial-temporal characteristics and effects of geographical agglomeration of shrimp aquaculture industry in China,this study used three indexes of regional Gini coefficient,industry concentration ratio,location quotient to analyze the geographical agglomeration characteristics and spatial evolution trends of shrimp aquacultue industry in China.The results showed that the shrimp aquaculture industry in China showed a comprehensive and rapid growth from 2007 to 2019,and the production of Procambarus clarkia increased most significantly,followed by the Litopenaeus vannamei.From 2007 to 2019,China’s shrimp aquaculture industry had significant geographic agglomeration characteristics,the agglomeration level of Penaeus monodon was the highest,and the agglomeration of Litopenaeus vannamei was the lowest.The overall agglomeration level of the shrimp aquaculture industry was in a trend of spreading,and the main two shrimp breeding belts was gradually formed the eastern coastal areas and central river areas.From the perspective of the spatial evolution trend of the shrimp aquaculture industry,the characteristics of the north-south differentiation of the shrimp aquaculture industry were obvious.The southern region had an overall advantage in shrimp aquaculture(especially for Litopenaeus vannamei,Macrobrachium rosenbergii,Macrobrachium nipponense,Procambarus clarkii and Penaeus monodon),while the northern region had more advantages in the breeding of Marsupenaeus japonicus and Fenneropenaeus chinensis.From the perspective of eastern and western regions,China’s shrimp aquaculture industry was concentrated in the eastern region,and the concentration of shrimp aquaculture in the central and western regions was continuously improving.The spatial distribution of the geographic agglomeration of shrimp aquaculture in China was determined by the difference of natural resource endowment.Farming technology,economic development,fisheries policy and other factors have become important drivers in reconstructing t

关 键 词：虾类养殖 地理集聚 区位基尼系数 产业集中率 区位熵 

分 类 号：F307.[经济管理—产业经济]