人工智能关键共性技术创新生态系统构建及其演化机制  

Construction and Evolutionary Mechanism of the Innovation Ecosystem of Artificial Intelligence Key Common Technology

作　　者：袁野[1] 汪书悦 陶于祥 Yuan Ye;Wang Shuyue;Tao Yuxiang(School of Economics and Management,Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Chongqing 400065,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆邮电大学经济管理学院,重庆400065

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2021年第18期1-9,共9页Science and Technology Management Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“人工智能产业核心技术突破中的创新共同体构建与协同机制研究”(20CGL004);重庆市教委科研创新项目“重庆市人工智能产业重点发展领域选择与政策设计”(CYS19270)。

摘　　要：建立新一代人工智能关键共性技术体系是"十四五"时期我国解决人工智能原创性理论基础薄弱、重大产品和系统缺失等问题的重要抓手。首先从人工智能关键共性技术内涵、特征和要素属性视角出发归纳八大人工智能关键共性技术,对科技部公布的15家国家级新一代人工智能开放创新平台企业的技术布局进行对比;其次借助生态学理论、系统科学理论与技术创新理论厘清系统要素,构建包含生命子系统和环境子系统的人工智能关键共性技术创新生态系统框架,运用系统耗散理论、熵值变化系数和适用分析等方法诠释我国人工智能关键共性技术创新生态系统的自组织演化机制。研究发现,我国人工智能关键共性技术具备正外部性、技术创新可循环、开放需求高、技术转化附加值高、多学科多产业交叉融合的特征,不同企业涉猎的技术范畴不同、技术创新模式也存在差异,现阶段已形成主要包括企业、政府、高校、科研机构4类创新主体的创新生态系统,通过数据、人才、资金、知识流动等引起系统熵值变化并不断突破临界值向更高级系统演化,但仍存在创新主体丰富度较低、互动方式多样性差等问题。最后,从创新主体丰富度、系统治理、系统开放性、动态能力等维度出发,提出我国人工智能关键共性技术创新生态系统发展建议。The establishment of a new generation of artificial intelligence key common technology system is an important tool to solve the problems of weak original artificial intelligence theoretical foundation and lack of major products and systems in China during the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan period.Firstly,this paper summarizes the eight key artificial intelligence technologies from the perspective of connotation,characteristics and attributes of artificial intelligence key common technologies,and compares the technology layout of 15 national artificial intelligence open innovation platform companies announced by the Ministry of Science and Technology.Secondly,the paper clarifies the system elements with the help of ecology theory,system science theory and technology innovation theory,constructs an ecosystem framework of artificial intelligence key common technology innovation containing life subsystem and environment subsystem,and interprets the self-organizational evolution mechanism of the key common technological innovation ecosystem of artificial intelligence in China with dissipation theory,entropy change coefficient and applicability analysis.The research finds that China’s artificial intelligence key common technologies has the characteristics of positive externality,recyclable technology innovation,high open demand,high valueadded technology transformation,and multidisciplinary and multi-industry cross-fertilization,different enterprises are involved in different technology categories and different technology innovation modes,and at this stage,an innovation ecosystem mainly including four types of innovation subjects with enterprises,government,universities and research institutions,the system entropy value changes through the flow of data,talents,capital and knowledge,and evolves to a higher system by breaking through the critical value,but there are still problems such as low richness of innovation subjects and poor diversity of interaction.Finally,from the dimensions of richness of innovation subjects,syst

关 键 词：人工智能 关键共性技术 技术创新 创新生态系统 耗散结构 熵流分析 

分 类 号：TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程] F124.3[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]