全球养老金结构性改革反思与中国镜鉴  

Reflection on the Global Pension Structural Reform and Its Enlightenment to China

作　　者：张栋 ZHANG Dong(College of Humanities and Development Studies,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学人文与发展学院,北京100083

出　　处：《经济体制改革》2021年第5期158-164,共7页Reform of Economic System

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“发展多层次、多支柱养老保险体系研究”(21AZD070)。

摘　　要：在人口老龄化冲击下,全球大多数国家养老金体系都面临巨大挑战,发达国家率先进行了一系列养老金改革探索。除了延迟退休年龄、提高缴费率、降低公共养老金替代率、提高缴费年限等参量改革措施之外,多支柱养老金体系结构性改革被实践证明更为可行且十分必要,其本质是重塑国家、社会和个人多方责任共担的理念。当前,在公共养老金一支独大的背景下,我国养老金体系面临着充足性受限和可持续性不足的双重困境,未来应在借鉴国际经验的基础上,通过统筹多支柱养老金体系结构、强化激励机制等方式补齐私人养老金制度短板,优化多元主体责任,实现我国养老金体系的优化和发展。Under the rapid development of population aging,pension systems in most countries are facing great challenges.Developed countries have taken the lead in a series of pension reform exploration.In addition to the parametric reform measures such as delaying retirement age,increasing contribution rate,reducing public pension replacement rate,and increasing contribution period,the structural reform of multi-pillar pension system has been proved to be more feasible and necessary in practice.Its essence is to reshape the concept of social insurance in which the state,society and individuals share responsibilities.Under the background that public pension is dominant,China’s pension system is faced with the dual dilemma of insufficient adequacy and unsustainability.In the future,we should learn from international experiences,and make up for the shortcomings of the second and third pillar private pension system by coordinating the structural relationship of multi-pillar pension system and strengthening incentive mechanism,so as to optimize the responsibility of multiple subjects and realize the optimization and development of China’s pension system.

关 键 词：养老金 结构性改革 公共养老金 私人养老金 责任共担 

分 类 号：F840.6[经济管理—保险]