高技能劳动力对服务业企业增加值的影响--基于技能偏向型生产函数的异质性分析  

The Impact of High-skilled Labor on the Service Enterprises Value-added:Based on the Heterogeneous Analysis of Skill-biased Production Function

作　　者：张慧慧 徐力恒 Zhang Huihui;Xu Liheng(Institute of Quantitative&Technological Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China;Project Evaluation and Strategic Planning Research and Consulting Center,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China;Penghua Fund Management Co,Ltd,Shenzhen 518000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所,北京100732 [2]中国社会科学院项目评估与战略规划研究咨询中心,北京100732 [3]鹏华基金管理有限公司,广东深圳518000

出　　处：《技术经济》2021年第8期63-75,共13页Journal of Technology Economics

基　　金：天津市教委社科重大项目“借助企业国际合作创新动能,促进天津市产业高质量发展研究”(ZB19500608);中国社会科学院中国经济社会综合集成与预测中心项目。

摘　　要：本文利用第二次全国经济普查微观数据,并在采用多层模型克服城市及行业内企业生产率相关性的基础上,对具有技能优势偏向型的生产函数进行估计,且进行了深入的异质性分析。研究发现:整体而言,服务业企业高技能劳动力占比的提升对企业增加值创造能力有显著的促进作用,平均而言,高技能劳动力创造增加值的能力是低技能劳动力的1.218倍。通过进一步的异质性分析发现,相较于低技能企业,高技能企业通过提升高技能劳动力占比获得的增加值回报更高,且高技能企业中高技能劳动力的技能优势更大;相较于生活性服务业企业,生产性服务业企业通过提升高技能劳动力占比获得的增加值回报更高,同时生产性服务业企业的高技能劳动力技能优势也更大;细分行业中,科学技术、信息技术、租赁商贸等行业高技能劳动力占比的提升对企业增加值上涨具有显著的促进作用;但是在零售、交通运输及住宿餐饮等行业,高技能劳动力占比的提升对企业增加值没有显著影响或影响为负。Using the second national economic census micro data with a multi-level model to overcome the productivity relevance of enterprises in city-level and industry-level,the production function with skill advantage bias is estimated.From the result,it is found that,the increase in the proportion of high-skilled labor in service companies has a significant positive effect on the value-added creation ability of enterprises on the whole.On average,the ability of high-skilled labor to create added value relative to low-skilled labor is 1.218 times.Through further heterogeneous analysis,it is found that,compared with low-skilled enterprises,high-skilled enterprises can obtain higher value-added returns by increasing the proportion of high-skilled labor,and the skill-advantage of high-skilled labor in high-skilled enterprises is larger;Companies with the life service industry,the production service companies have higher value-added returns by increasing the proportion of high-skilled labor.At the same time,the production service companies have lager skill-advantage of high-skilled labor.In the sub-industries,the increase in the proportion of high-skilled labor in industries such as science technology,information technology,leasing and commerce has a significant positive effect on the value-added of enterprises;but in the industries such as retail,transportation,and accommodation and catering,the increase in the proportion of high-skilled labor has no effect or even negative effect on the added value of enterprises.

关 键 词：高技能 劳动力 服务业 增加值 多层模型 

分 类 号：F026.9[经济管理—政治经济学]