论清初剃发令的内涵及实质  

On the Connotation and Essence of the Haircut Decree in the Early Qing Dynasty

作　　者：陈文亮 CHEN Wen-liang(School of Humanities,Jinggangshan University,Ji'an 34309,China)

机构地区：[1]井冈山大学人文学院,江西吉安343009

出　　处：《井冈山大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第4期130-136,共7页Journal of Jinggangshan University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：剃发令主要内容是剃发与易衣冠,故以剃发令为名。但是事实上,其内容并不止于剃发和易服。从身体的角度来说,至少还包括剃须。而从衣冠服饰的角度来看,至少还包括了易鞋。由此可见,剃发令并不是着眼于某一单一民族特征的重塑,而要求整体身体样貌和服饰的改变,以便将明朝百姓塑造成以关外满洲人为原型的清朝人的样子。这种改变并非象征性的、局部的,而是实质性的、整体性的。剃发令背后反映的是清初满洲文化本位主义政策。The haircut decree is generally seen as the law related to the behavior of having haircut and changing clothes.In fact,this decree requires the Han people to have a comprehensive Manchurian appearance.Besides haircut and clothes-changing,it also includes at least beard-shaving and footwear-changing.This shows that the haircut decree is aimed not at reconstructing a single national identity,but at changing the whole image of the Han people as Manshuians look.This kind of change is not symbolic and partial,but substantial and integral.The haircut decree reflects the policy of cultural chauvinism in the early Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：剃发令 剃须 易鞋袜 满洲化 

分 类 号：K248.4[历史地理—历史学]