不同钝化剂对小米椒吸收和积累镉的影响  

Effects of soil amendments on Cd uptake and accumulation in red pepper

作　　者：陈德 赵首萍[1] 叶雪珠[1] 张棋[1] 肖文丹[1] 阮弋飞 伍少福 CHEN De;ZHAO Shouping;YE Xuezhu;ZHANG Qi;XIAO Wendan;RUAN Yifei;WU Shaofu(Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;Farmland Construction Service Center of Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China;Shaoxing Grain and Oil Crop Technology Extension Center, Shaoxing 312000, China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院农产品质量安全与营养研究所,农业农村部农产品信息溯源重点实验室,浙江杭州310021 [2]杭州市临安区农田建设服务中心,浙江杭州311300 [3]绍兴市粮油作物技术推广中心,浙江绍兴312000

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2021年第10期1921-1930,共10页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFF0213501);浙江省“三农六方”科技协作计划(2020SNLF004)。

摘　　要：采用田间小区试验,研究石灰、生物质炭、海泡石、钙镁磷肥等单一和复合钝化剂对小米椒吸收和积累Cd的影响,结合土壤性质和养分含量变化,以期筛选出能有效降低小米椒果实中Cd含量的钝化剂类型。结果表明:供试辣椒品种艳椒425对土壤中Cd有较强的吸收积累能力,不同部位的Cd含量为茎叶>根>果实;不同处理辣椒果实的Cd含量介于0.049~0.106 mg·kg^(-1,)除生物质炭处理外,其他钝化剂处理辣椒果实的Cd含量显著降低,降幅在25%~54%,其中,海泡石处理降幅最高,其次为复合钝化剂。除个别处理外,各钝化剂处理有效地降低了Cd的转运系数和富集系数,降幅分别在26%~44%和23%~52%。辣椒中Cd含量的降低主要是由于钝化剂的施入提高了土壤pH值,降低了土壤中有效态Cd含量;土壤pH值与对照相比提高了0.8~2.4个单位,有效态Cd含量降低了68%~93%,其中,海泡石处理效果最佳,其次为复合钝化剂。此外,不同钝化剂一定程度上提高了土壤有机质含量和主要养分含量。总体来看,海泡石和复合钝化剂能在改善土壤性质的同时有效降低辣椒对土壤中Cd的吸收、转运和积累,有利于保障辣椒的安全生产。Field experiment was conducted to investigate effects of soil amendments on uptake and accumulation of Cd in red pepper and to screen out suitable soil amendment that can effectively reduce Cd uptake in red pepper.The results showed that red pepper Yanjiao 425 had a strong ability to absorb Cd from soil,Cd concentrations in different tissues were as follows:stem and leaf>root>fruit.Concentrations of Cd in red pepper fruit ranged from 0.049 to 0.106 mg·kg^(-1),Cd concentrations in red pepper fruit were reduced by 25%-54%as a result of application of soil amendments except for biochar,where the highest reduction of Cd was attributed to sepiolite,followed by the composite amendments.Translocation factor and concentration factor were also effectively reduced at the ranges of 26%-44%and 23%-52%,respectively.Decreases of Cd contents in pepper were mainly attributed to the increase of soil pH value and the decrease of soil Cd availability as a result of amendments addition into soil.Compared with the control,soil pH value increased by 0.8-2.4 units,and the available Cd contents decreased by 68%-93%in amended soils.Besides,different amendments also increased the content of soil organic matter and main nutrients.In general,sepiolite and composite amendments could effectively improve soil properties,reduce the uptake,transportation and accumulation of Cd in red pepper,and to ensure the safety of pepper production.

关 键 词：辣椒 重金属 土壤 原位钝化 吸收转运 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学] S641.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]