北方春玉米粒收品种阶段生长发育与温度因子的关系  

The relationship between growth,development and temperature factors of mechanical grain harvesting spring maize in northern China

作　　者：于胜男 高聚林[1] 明博[2] 王振[1] 于晓芳[1] 孙继颖[1] 梁红伟[1] 王志刚[1] YU Shengnan;GAO Julin;MING Bo;WANG Zhen;YU Xiaofang;SUN Jiying;LIANG Hongwei;WANG Zhigang(College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Genetic Improvement,Hohhot 010019,China;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院/内蒙古自治区作物栽培与遗传改良重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2021年第4期35-44,共10页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300803);内蒙古农业大学优秀青年科学基金资助项目(2017XYQ-1)。

摘　　要：【目的】解析北方春玉米粒收品种不同生育阶段生长发育与主导温度因子的关系,揭示春玉米粒收品种生长发育与热量资源匹配机制,为不同热量条件区域春玉米粒收品种的选择和推广提供理论依据。【方法】以晚熟品种、早熟品种和适宜当地种植的粒收品种为试验材料,晚熟品种为郑单958(ZD958),早熟品种为德美亚1号(DMY1),粒收品种为J6518、C1563和迪卡159,在内蒙古不同热量条件的岭东温凉区(EXM)、岭南温暖区(SXM)、燕山丘陵区(NYH)和西辽河平原区(WLR)进行品种×密度试验,分析温度因子对不同类型春玉米品种花前、花后两阶段生育期、物质积累、籽粒产量的影响。【结果】日平均温度(Ta)、日较差(Tr)分别是影响春玉米粒收品种花前、花后阶段物质积累的核心温度因子。热量有限区域内,粒收品种花前、花后生育天数比例为5.0∶5.0;热量充足区域内,粒收品种花前生育天数长于花后生育天数,花前、花后生育天数比例为4.5∶5.5。春玉米粒收品种花前Ta与花前物质积累符合y=7.08x-133.6的线性规律,Ta每增加0.1℃,春玉米粒收品种花前生物量增加0.71 t/hm^(2);花后Tr与花后物质积累符合y=7.94x-82.68的线性规律,Tr每增加0.1℃,春玉米粒收品种花后物质积累提高0.79 t/hm^(2)。【结论】当春玉米粒收品种花前、花后生长发育天数比例在4.5~5.0∶5.0~5.5时,花前较高的Ta和花后较大的Tr是实现春玉米高产高效的前提。【Objective】To analyze the relationship between the growth and development of mechanical grain harvesting varieties of spring maize and the dominant temperature factors in different growth stages in northern China,and to reveal the matching mechanism between the growth and development of mechanical grain harvesting varieties of spring maize and thermal resources,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the selection and promotion of mechanical grain harvesting varieties of spring maize in areas with different thermal conditions.【Methods】The late maturing varieties,early maturing varieties and mechanical grain harvesting varieties of spring maize suitable for local growing conditions were used as the experimental materials.The late maturing varieties were Zhengdan 958(ZD958),early maturing varieties were Demeiya No.1(DMY1),and grain harvesting varieties were J6518,C1563 and Dika 159.The variety×density tests were conducted in Lingdong warm-cool area(EXM),Lingnan warm area(SXM),Yanshan hilly area(NYH)and West Liaohe plain area(WLR)with different thermal conditions in Inner Mongolia.The effects of temperature factors on growth periods before and after anthesis,matter accumulation and grain yield of different types of spring maize varieties were analyzed.【Results】The daily average temperature(Ta)and daily range(Tr)were the core temperature factors affecting the matter accumulation of mechanical grain harvesting spring maize before and after anthesis.In areas with limited heat,the proportion of growth days before and after anthesis were 5.0∶5.0;in areas with sufficient heat,the growth days before anthesis were longer than that after anthesis,and the proportion of growth days before and after anthesis were 4.5∶5.5.The relationship between pre-anthesis Ta and pre-anthesis matter accumulation accorded with the linear law of y=7.08x-133.6.For each increase of Ta by 0.1℃,the pre-anthesis biomass was increased by 0.71 t/hm^(2).The relationship between post-anthesis Tr and post-anthesis matter accumulation

关 键 词：春玉米 温度因子 积温 粒收品种 物质积累 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]