地方政府科技支出和教育支出如何影响城市全要素生产率?  

How does Local Government Expenditure on Technology and Education Affect Urban Total Factor Productivity?

作　　者：侯伟凤 田新民[1] HOU Weifeng;TIAN Xinmin(Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070)

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学经济学院,北京100070

出　　处：《经济与管理研究》2021年第9期93-111,共19页Research on Economics and Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“债务的可持续度量指标及其促进经济增长内生机制的分析与比较研究”(14BJL030);首都经济贸易大学研究生科技创新资助项目“我国财政性科教支出与区域经济增长关系的研究”(18CUEB037)。

摘　　要：本文构建研发增长模型分析政府科技支出和教育支出对全要素生产率的影响机制,从理论上证明二者对全要素生产率具有促进作用,之后利用中国284个城市的数据进行实证检验。研究结果显示:(1)地方政府科技支出和教育支出能够促进城市全要素生产率提升,但在支出后的第3期才会有所表现。(2)地方政府科技支出主要通过增加科技知识提升全要素生产率,且作用渠道为促进技术进步,而教育支出主要通过增加人力资本提升全要素生产率,且作用渠道为提高技术效率。(3)地方政府科技支出和教育支出对城市全要素生产率的促进作用存在双门槛效应,当全要素生产率介于0.9162和1.0834之间时,地方政府科技支出能够提升全要素生产率,但效果并不明显,而全要素生产率上升至1.0834时,提升作用将发生跳跃式上升;教育支出具有相似的门槛效应特征,相应的门槛值分别为0.9317和1.2320。(4)地方政府科技支出发挥作用需要一定的教育支出规模作为基础,当教育支出规模高于178599.2950万元时,科技支出才会表现对全要素生产率的促进作用。This paper constructs a R&D growth model to analyze the influence mechanism of government expenditure on technology and education on total factor productivity,theoretically proving that the government expenditure on technology and education have a promoting effect on total factor productivity,and uses the data of 284 cities in China to conduct the empirical test.The results are shown as follows.Firstly,the local government expenditure on technology and education can promote the urban total factor productivity,but it would not show until the third period after the expenditure.Secondly,government expenditure on technology mainly increases total factor productivity by increasing scientific and technological knowledge though the promotion of technological progress,while education expenditure mainly increases human capital to improve total factor productivity though the improvement of technical efficiency.Thirdly,further discussion shows that there is a double threshold effect on the promotion of local government expenditure on technology and education to the city's total factor productivity.Specifically,when the total factor productivity was between 0.9162 and 1.0834,the local government expenditure on technology can promote total factor productivity,but the effect was not obvious;when the total factor productivity rose to 1.0834,it would show a boosting effect.Education expenditure has a similar threshold effect,and the corresponding threshold values were 0.9317 and 1.2320 respectively.Besides,the effect of local government expenditure on technology needs a certain scale of education expenditure.When the scale of education expenditure is higher than about 1786 million yuan,the promotion effect of local government expenditure on technology on total factor productivity will be shown.

关 键 词：政府科技支出 政府教育支出 全要素生产率 科技知识 人力资本 门槛效应 

分 类 号：F810.7[经济管理—财政学]