共建共治共享理念下环境纠纷的治理模式  

Coping Modes of Environmental Disputes under the Concept of Co-Construction,Co-Governance and Sharing

作　　者：程启军[1] CHENG Qijun

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第9期68-79,共12页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：广州市哲学社会科学基金项目“争当‘三共’治理格局排头兵的广州作为:夯实优势与创新理路”(2020GZYB36)。

摘　　要：伴随生态文明建设的全面推进,十九届四中全会明确提出“坚持和完善生态文明制度体系,促进人与自然和谐共生”,这为环境纠纷的制度建设和有效治理创造了契机。根据环境纠纷产生的主要原因,将环境纠纷区分为既成污染型纠纷和预防风险型纠纷,这两种类型涵盖了当下最为核心的环境纠纷。通常,存量环境污染项目导致既成污染型环境纠纷,它涉及直接环境利益相关方;新建涉环项目导致预防风险型环境纠纷,它涉及非直接环境利益相关方,两者的治理制度和模式存在着一定的区别。当前,治理两类环境纠纷都应该将生态文明建设的“和谐共生关系”根本目标和“共建共治共享”社会治理理念结合起来,针对既成污染型环境纠纷,通过“环境补偿”和“共同监管”,与直接利益相关方建立“环境利益持效共享关系”,采取“直接利益型——持效共享模式”来治理存量环境污染项目纠纷;针对预防风险型环境纠纷,通过科学的项目规划、透明化的环境评估、高标准的环境保护、充分的民主协商等途径,采取“非直接利益型——透明高标模式”治理新建涉环项目纠纷,这两种模式是当前治理环境纠纷最主要的理路。With the comprehensive promotion of the construction of ecological civilization,the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee puts forward the concept of“continuing to enhance the ecological civilization system and promote the harmonious coexistence between man and nature”,which provides an opportunity for the system construction and effective management of environmental disputes.According to the core factor of environmental disputes,this article classifies the disputes into existing pollution type and risk-prevention type,which covers the fundamental environmental disputes at present.As a general rule,stock environmental pollution projects lead to the existing pollution environmental disputes,which involves the direct environmental stakeholders;newly built environmental projects bring about the risk-prevention environmental disputes,which involves indirect environmental stakeholders,and their governance systems and modes are different.At the moment,the governance of the two types of environmental disputes should combine the ultimate goal of“harmonious symbiotic relationship”of ecological civilization construction with the social governance concept of“co-construction,co-governance and sharing”.For the existing pollution environmental disputes,through“environmental compensation”and“joint supervision”,we should establish constantly effective sharing relationship of environmental interests with direct stakeholders,adopt the“direct interest type-constantly effective sharing mode”.For the risk-prevention type environmental disputes,we should adopt the“indirect interest type-transparent and high standard mode”to deal with the disputes of newly built environmental pollution projects through scientific project planning,transparent environmental assessment,high standards of environmental protection,adequate democratic consultation and other channels.The two modes are primary methods to address the current environmental disputes.

关 键 词：既成污染型 预防风险型 环境纠纷 治理模式 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学]