发达地区残疾儿童营养状况研究——以上海市为例  

Nutritional Status of Children with Disabilities in Developed Areas in China:a Case of Shanghai

作　　者：王晓茜 吕军[1,2,3] 孙梅[1,2,3] 邱芬[4] 邱服冰 李安巧 夏聪 WANG Xiao-qian;LV Jun;SUN Mei;QIU Fen;QIU Fu-bing;LI An-qiao;XIA Cong(School of Public Health,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China;China Research Center on Disability,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China;National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment(Fudan University),Shanghai 200032,China;Institute for Sport Science/Department of Physical Education of Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China;Research Center of Physical Education,Sport and Health of Department of Physical Education,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518060,China;China Academy of ICF,Weifang,Shandong 261000,China;WHO-FIC Collaborating Center in China,Beijing 100068,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学公共卫生学院,上海市200032 [2]复旦大学中国残疾问题研究中心,上海市200032 [3]国家卫生健康委员会卫生技术评估重点实验室(复旦大学),上海市200032 [4]武汉理工大学体育部体育科学研究所,湖北武汉市430070 [5]深圳大学体育部体育与健康科学研究中心,广东深圳市518060 [6]中国ICF研究院,山东潍坊市261000 [7]世界卫生组织国际分类家族中国合作中心,北京市100068

出　　处：《中国康复理论与实践》2021年第10期1135-1143,共9页Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(No.17ZDA078);国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.71774030);上海市哲学社会科学规划一般课题(No.2018BGL005)。

摘　　要：目的了解发达地区残疾儿童的营养状况并分析其影响因素。方法2019年12月至2020年1月以及2020年8月至9月,方便抽样选取上海市2~18岁残疾儿童主要照护者480例。调查残疾儿童的身高和体质量,计算体质量指数(BMI)。基于儿童超重、肥胖预测的生态模型,从儿童个人、家庭及社会特征3个维度分析残疾儿童营养状况的影响因素。采用χ2检验和二分类Logistic回归模型进行分析。结果480例残疾儿童的消瘦、超重和肥胖检出率分别为23.75%、13.54%、13.33%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,薯类摄入(OR=0.420,95%CI 0.197~0.893,P<0.05)、照护者对孩子体质量的感知(OR_(过轻)=4.188,95%CI 1.488~11.787,P<0.01)对儿童消瘦有影响;残疾类型(OR_(孤独症)=0.142,95%CI 0.034~0.591,P<0.01)、家庭角色(OR_(父亲)=5.519,95%CI 1.110~27.440,P<0.05)、照护者对孩子体质量的感知(OR过重=5.669,95%CI 1.112~28.903,P<0.05)对儿童超重肥胖有影响。结论上海市残疾儿童营养不良问题发生率较高,消瘦和肥胖比例远高于正常儿童。残疾类型、自身膳食摄入及家庭特征对残疾儿童营养状况的影响较大。Objective To explore the nutritional status and influencing factors among children with disabilities in developed areas.Methods From December,2019 to January,2020,and August to September,2020,a total of 480 caregivers of children with disabilities aged two to 18 years in Shanghai were investigated their heights and weights,and the body mass index(BMI)was calculated.The influencing factors were analyzed from the dimensions of children's personal,family and social characteristics based on the Ecological System Theory.Chi-square test and binary Logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors associated with the nutritional status of children with disabilities.Results The prevalence of thinness,overweight and obesity in 480 children was 23.75%,13.54% and 13.33%,respectively.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that potato intake(OR=0.420,95%CI 0.197 to 0.893,P<0.05)and caregivers'perception of child's weight(OR underweight=4.188,95%CI 1.488 to 11.787,P<0.01)were associated with children's thinness.Types of disability(OR_(autism)=0.142,95%CI 0.034 to 0.591,P<0.01),the role of caregiver(OR_(fathe)r=5.519,95%CI 1.110 to 27.440,P<0.05),and caregivers'perception of the child's weight(OR_(overweight)=5.669,95%CI 1.112 to 28.903,P<0.05)were associated with children's overweight/obesity.Conclusion The prevalence of malnutrition among children with disabilities in Shanghai is higher than those typicallydeveloping,especially thinness and obesity.The nutritional status is greatly affected by the type of disability,dietary intake and family characteristics.

关 键 词：残疾儿童 照护者 营养状况 影响因素 上海 

分 类 号：R49[医药卫生—康复医学]