智能革命下劳动方式的变革及其影响的政治经济学分析  

Political Economics Analysis of the Change of Means of Labor and Its Impact under Intelligence Revolution

作　　者：吴文新 Wu Wenxin

机构地区：[1]山东大学马克思主义学院,山东威海264209

出　　处：《当代经济研究》2021年第10期5-13,F0003,共10页Contemporary Economic Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(15BKS005)。

摘　　要：智能—基因科技革命作为人类历史上最为全面深刻的一次科技革命,其意义极为深远,其中最核心的影响在于对人的劳动方式进而是人的存在方式的颠覆性变革,智联网使人的存在"泛网络化",将催生一个"产消型数字劳动者"阶层,人的"泛劳动化"存在方式将成现实,资本逻辑下劳动者将彻底被奴役或异化。智能革命下人的劳动方式的历史性质将发生全方位的变革,比如:相对于抽象劳动独立化,劳动的具体性将被消融于智能化机器体系的自然物质运动之中;在私人劳动和社会劳动的矛盾中,生产劳动的私人性日益融入社会性之中;智联网使得剩余劳动泛在化,雇员和非雇员的剩余劳动极大增强了资本增殖的力量;不变资本由于超越平台公司产权边界而泛在于社会大众之中从而具有无限性;资本逻辑中的劳作将无孔不入无时不在,从而倒逼休闲劳作化;依托于虚拟物理信息的生产和实体生产的时空分离将成为常态,这使物质生产虚拟化:资本逻辑中难以摆脱物质生产的困窘,并导致收入、城乡、发达与发展国之间以及数字精英与"无用阶级"之间的阶级分立绝对化。由此产生一种基本趋势,即人工智能机器运动取代必要劳动使得商品经济的"价值"基础趋于坍塌,剩余劳动的泛在化使得资本主义剩余价值的"剩余劳动"基础趋于崩溃,而为了人类的正常生存和持续发展,我们必须善于建设一个并非基于交换价值和剩余价值的平台公有制的新世界。Intelligence-gene scientific and technological revolution is probably the most comprehensive and profound scientific and technological revolution in human history,with extremely far-reaching significance.Its core impact lies in the subversive changes in the way people work and thus the way people exist.For example,manual labor has almost been replaced,and mental labor led by formal logical thinking will also be replaced.Internet of Beings will make the existence of people"pan-networked:,and will give birth to a class of"digital laborers in production and marketing.The mode of existence of people's"pan labor"will become a reality,and laborers will oe completely enslaved or alienated under the capital logic.The historical nature of means of human labor under the intelligence revolution will undergo an all-round revolution.For example,relative to the independence of abstract labor,the specificity of labor will be dissolved in the natural material movement of the intelligent machine system.Amid the contractions between private labor and social labor,the privacy of productive labor is increasingly integrated into the sociality.The Internet of Beings makes surplus labor ubiquitous,and the surplus labor of employees and non-employees greatly enhances the power of capital proliferation.Constant capital is ubiquitous aniid the general public because it is beyond the boundary of property rights of platform companies,and is thus infinite.The labor in the logic of capital will be all-pervasive and ever-present,thus force leisure to become labor.The separation of time and space between production based on virtxial physical information and physical production will become the norm,which virtualizes material production.It is difficult to get rid of the embarrassment of material production in capital logic,and it leads to absolutization of class division in income,between urban and rural areas,between developed and developing countries,and between digital elites and uuseless class".As a result,it gives birth to a basic trend.The

关 键 词：智能革命 劳动方式 泛网络化 泛劳动化 数据平台公有化 

分 类 号：F030[经济管理—政治经济学]