毛束象对锦葵科植物的危害及发生规律初步研究  

Preliminary Study on the Damage and Occurence Regularity of Desmidophorus hebes Fabricius on Mallow Plants(Malvaceae)

作　　者：肖云学 何开红[1] 赵玉敏 XIAO Yunxue;HE Kaihong;ZHAO Yumin(Horticulture Department of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Mengla 666303,China;Black Gragon Pool Park,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园园林园艺部,云南勐腊666303 [2]昆明市黑龙潭公园,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第5期768-774,共7页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：中国科学院核心植物园园林园艺功能领域建设(Y9ZK011B11)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园内毛束象危害的植物种类、危害程度、危害习性以及活动规律。【方法】采用定点观测的方法对园区内受毛束象危害的植物进行监测,并分析毛束象种群活动与气象因子的关系。【结果】毛束象主要危害锦葵科的木槿属、悬铃花属、秋葵属、翅果麻属、乔槿属及焚天花属的木本花卉植物,并以这些植物的嫩梢、枝条、花蕾、花瓣和叶片为食,造成受害植物长势衰退,观赏价值降低;毛束象对寄主植物不同高度的部位取食有显著差异(P<0.05),其中以上部危害最大,虫量最多;一年中主要发生期为4—10月,有2个活动高峰期,即5月底和7月中旬,8月后毛束象种群急剧下降;在毛束象活动的高峰期,成虫的日活动节律与温度变化趋势相反,而与湿度的变化趋势相同,说明温湿度影响毛束象的日活动节律;毛束象种群动态与气象因子的相关性分析表明:毛束象种群变化与旬日照时间呈负相关,而与旬平均气温、旬最高气温、旬最低气温、旬相对湿度和旬降雨量呈正相关,毛束象的种群动态与旬最高气温的相关性极显著(P<0.01),与旬平均气温和旬相对湿度的相关性显著(P<0.05);主成分分析表明:旬平均气温、旬最高气温和旬最低气温是影响毛束象种群活动的主要气象因子。【结论】明确了毛束象危害锦葵科木本花卉植物的种类、危害特点、植物受害程度、主要的危害期以及影响毛束象种群动态的气象因子,为防治毛束象提供科学依据。[Purpose]In order to understand the mallow plants species which were damaged by Desmidophorus hebes Fabricius and its epidemic,harm and habits in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden.[Method]We made long-term observations of the damages of D.hebes on Malvaceae shrub and analyzed the relationship between the D.hebes population dynamics and meteorological factors.[Result]D.hebes preferred to feed on woody tissues,buds,flowers and leaves from genera such as Hibiscus,Malvaviscus,Abelmoschus,Kydia,Bombycidendron,and Urena,resulting in a decline of plant growth and low ornamental value.Significant differences of feeding height on different host plant were discovered(P<0.05),but the upper parts of the host plants were harmed at most.The main harmful period occurred from April to October,with two harmful peaks at the end of May and mid-July.The daily population dynamics showed a negative correlation with temperature increase and positive correlation with humidity increase.The correlation analysis of population dynamics and meteorological factor showed that D.hebes population dynamic with the ten-day-sunshine was negative correlation,but positive correlation with average temperature,maximum temperature,minimum temperature,relative humidity,rainfall of ten days,and extreme significance(P<0.01)between population dynamics of D.hebes and average temperature of ten days,and significant correlation(P<0.05)with average temperature,relative humidity of ten days.Principal component analysis(PCA)showed that the average,maximum and minimum temperature of ten days were the main meteorological factors affected the population dynamics of the D.hebes.[Conclusion]This study provided a reference for the prevention of damages of D.hebes by localizing damaged areas on the plants and by showing how weather patterns can affect growth of the weevil population.

关 键 词：毛束象 锦葵科植物 危害习性 发生规律 种群动态 气象因子 

分 类 号：S433.5[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]