春季放牧对高寒草地冬季地上现存量的影响  

Effect of Grazing in Spring on aboveground Stock of Alpine Grassland in Winter

作　　者：杜世丽 李世雄[1] 马玉寿[1] 尹亚丽 王晓丽[1] 赵文 董瑞珍 华铣泽 DU Shi-li(Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine of Qinghai University,Xining 810016)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,西宁810003

出　　处：《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2021年第5期43-45,56,共4页Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

基　　金：青海省科学技术厅项目(2018-SF-137)。

摘　　要：为研究春季放牧对高寒草地冬季植物存量的影响,2020年春季(3月~6月),在祁连县默勒镇老日根村开展了不同放牧利用率(A:0、B:25%~35%、C:45%~55%、D:65%~75%和E:>90%)控制试验。结果表明:随放牧利用率增大,禾本科代表物种紫羊茅、莎草科代表物种矮嵩草、阔叶类可食牧草代表物种矮火绒草和毒害草代表物种黄花棘豆株高均呈下降趋势,草地植被总盖度、禾本科和莎草科盖度、植被地上总生物量、优良牧草禾本科和莎草科生物量均呈降低趋势,毒害草生物量则呈先降低后升高再降低的变化趋势。春季休牧或轻度放牧可大幅度提高草地生产力,在春季对草地进行休牧或轻度放牧更有利于草地健康、可持续发展,认为春季休牧或轻度放牧是解决高寒牧区冷季缺草的重要途径。To study the effects of spring grazing on plant stock of alpine grassland in winter,control experiments with different grazing utilization rates(A:0,B:25%-35%,C:45%-55%,D:65%-75%and E:>90%)were carried out in Laorigen Village,Mole Town,Qilian County in the spring of 2020(March to June).The results showed that with the increasing of grazing utilization rate,The plant height of purple fescue(gramineae),sedge(Sedge),edelwood(broadleaf)and oxytropis(hymenoptera)showed a decreasing trend.The total coverage of grassland vegetation,gramineae and cyperaceae,aboveground biomass of vegetation,gramineae and cyperaceae of excellent herbage were all decreased,while the biomass of toxic grass was first decreased,then increased and then decreased.The plant height of representative species of Gramineae,Cyperaceae,Broad-leaved edible Rest grazing or light grazing in spring can greatly increase the productivity of grassland.Rest grazing or light grazing in spring is more conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of grassland.It is believed that rest or light grazing in spring is an important way to solve the problem of grass shortage of cold season in alpine pastoral areas.

关 键 词：春季放牧 利用率 高寒草地 地上现存量 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]