全球现代海底块状硫化物战略性金属富集机理及资源前景初探  

Preliminary Study on the Enrichment Mechanism of Strategic Metals and Their Resource Prospects in Global Modern Seafloor Massive Sulfide Deposits

作　　者：罗洪明 韩喜球 王叶剑 吴雪停 蔡翌旸 杨铭 Luo Hongming;Han Xiqiu;Wang Yejian;Wu Xueting;Cai Yiyang;Yang Ming(Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences&Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Hangzhou 310012,China;Ocean College,Zhejiang University,Zhoushan 316021,China;School of Oceanography,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部海底科学重点实验室,自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江杭州310012 [2]浙江大学海洋学院,浙江舟山316021 [3]上海交通大学海洋学院,上海200240

出　　处：《地球科学》2021年第9期3123-3138,共16页Earth Science

基　　金：国家重点研发专项(No.2018YFC0309903);国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.91951201,41976076);“十三五”大洋专项(No.DY135⁃S2⁃1);自然资源部第二海洋研究所所基本科研业务费专项(No.JZ1901);自然资源部第二海洋研究所青年英才计划项目(No.QNYC1701).

摘　　要：海底块状硫化物(SMS)蕴藏有丰富的Cu、Cd、Au、Fe、Ag、Co等战略性金属,是未来可供人类开发利用的战略资源.本文搜集了全球3946组SMS化学成分数据,根据构造环境可将其分成4类(快速、中速、慢速、超慢速扩张)洋中脊型和2类(弧后扩张中心和弧火山)岛弧型SMS矿床.利用多元统计方法分析了SMS战略性金属的分布特征和主控因素,探讨了其资源前景.结果表明:洋中脊型SMS矿床富集Cu+Fe+Co±Mo,而岛弧型普遍富集Zn+Pb+Cd+Sb+Ag±Au等关键元素.分析表明,成矿温度、成矿物质来源、酸碱度和氧化还原条件是战略性金属富集的主要影响因素,其中流体温度主要受水深条件控制,成矿物质来源主要受控于构造地质环境,酸碱度和氧化还原性主要受控于围岩类型.Cu+Au+Fe+Co在水深超过约2650 m的慢速‒超慢速扩张脊非转换不连续带和拆离断层带等区域具较好的勘查前景;而Cu+Au+Cd+Ag在水深约1080~2160 m的弧后扩张中心区域具较好的勘查前景.Seafloor massive sulfides(SMS),which are rich in strategic metals such as Cu,Cd,Au,Fe,Ag,and Co,are strategic resources available for human development and utilization in the future.We collected the geochemical composition data of 3946 SMS samples in global hydrothermal systems.They were classified into six types according to the tectonic setting:fast-spreading ridge type,medium-spreading ridge type,slow-spreading ridge type,ultra-slow spreading ridge type,back-arc spreading center type,and arc volcano type,respectively.The distribution and main controlling factors of SMS strategic metals are analyzed by multivariate statistical method,and then the resource prospects of SMS strategic metals are discussed.It is found that the strategic metals in SMS deposits of different tectonic environments are quite different.The SMS deposits at mid-ocean ridge tend to be enriched in Cu+Fe+Co±Mo,while the SMS deposits in the back-arc spreading center and arc volcano tend to be enriched in Zn+Pb+Cd+Sb+Ag±Au.The main controlling factors of SMS strategic metals are metallogenic temperature,ore-forming source,pH and redox conditions,respectively.The fluid temperature is mainly controlled by the water depth.The sources of ore-forming materials are mainly controlled by the structural geological environment.The pH and redox properties are mainly controlled by the type of wall rock.We propose that the back-arc spreading center with water depth of 1080-2160 m could be key targets for strategic metals such as Cu,Au,Cd and Ag,while the regions such as non-transform discontinuous and detachment fault extensional shear zone of slow-and ultraslow-spreading ridges with water depth greater than 2650 m could be key targets for Cu,Au,Fe,Co,etc.

关 键 词：战略性金属 海底块状硫化物 多元统计 富集机理 资源前景 海洋地质 

分 类 号：P736.3[天文地球—海洋地质]