西藏昌都白格滑坡斜坡地质结构特征及成因机制  

Geological Structure Characteristics and Genetic Mechanism of Baige Landslide Slope in Changdu,Tibet

作　　者：曹鹏 黎应书[1] 李宗亮[2] 巴仁基[2] 张世涛[1] Cao Peng;Li Yingshu;Li Zongliang;Ba Renji;Zhang Shitao(Faculty of Land Resource Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Chengdu Center,China Geological Survey,Chengdu 610081,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南昆明650093 [2]中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心,四川成都610081

出　　处：《地球科学》2021年第9期3397-3409,共13页Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金‒云南联合基金项目(No.U1502231);中国地质调查局项目(No.DD20190640).

摘　　要：在西藏昌都市江达县波罗乡发生的两次高位大型滑坡,形成堰塞体阻断金沙江,其溃决洪水对下游造成了巨大损失.本文基于野外地质调查与工程验证、遥感影像、倾斜摄影测量、岩体微观特征,结合区域地质资料进行分析研究.结果表明:(1)白格滑坡发育于金沙江构造混杂岩带,坡体属于河谷型构造破碎松散体;(2)坡体物质主要由弱变形构造透镜体岩块和强变形错动带(糜棱岩带、碎裂岩带、断层泥)组成,镜下岩石结构破坏严重,岩石强度显著降低;(3)断层破碎带控制滑坡体两侧及后缘边界,为滑坡提供了侧向及后缘的切割面;(4)不连续错动带为白格滑坡的滑动层,在重力卸荷作用下发生贯通,导致坡体发生多期次崩滑;(5)综合坡体失稳启动分析,白格滑坡为“推移式+牵引式”混合型滑坡;(6)白格滑坡是在内动力和外动力耦合作用相互交替下促进形成,加之金沙江对坡脚掏蚀,松散体在重力卸荷作用下剪切破坏致使滑坡发生.白格滑坡事件可为研究金沙江构造混杂岩带中大型滑坡形成机制提供依据,同时也为该区域防灾减灾研究提供理论指导.The Baige landslide,which involved two large-scale high-elevation landslides,occurred in Boluo Township,Jiangda County,Changdu,Tibet.This catastrophic landslide blocked Jinsha River and formed a landslide-dammed lake.The consequent outburst flood caused downstream damage.The geomorphological and geological characteristics of the Baige landslide,which were defined by field surveys,engineering verification,remote sensing images,oblique photogrammetry and microscopic analysis of rocks,were investigated in combination with previous geological information.The results suggest that:(1)The Baige landslide was located on a valley-type structurally broken and loosened rock,which was developed along the Jinsha River tectonic mélange belt;(2)the slope is mainly composed of rock blocks with slightly deformed tectonic lens and intensely deformed dislocation zones(mylonite,cataclasite,and fault gouge),and it has been observed under microscope that rock structures have been greatly damaged,which reduced the rock strength;(3)both sides and the main scarp of the landslide were controlled by the fault fracture zone,which acted as the lateral and trailing cutting planes for the landslide;(4)the sliding layer of the Baige landslide was composed of the discontinuous dislocation zones,which were connected under the gravity unloading,and resulted in a multiple landslides of the slope in stages;(5)comprehensive start-up analysis of slope instability suggests the Baige landslide was a complex landslide with modes of moving and traction;(6)the Baige landslide occurred as a consequence of coupling of internal and external dynamics.In addition,the continuous eroding on slope toe by the Jinsha River,and the loose rock mass damaged under the gravity unloading also contributed to the Baige landslide.The Baige landslide event can not only provide information for studying the formation mechanism of large-scale landslides in the Jinsha River tectonic mélange belt,but also provide theoretical guidance for hazard prevention and mitigation in the r

关 键 词：金沙江 构造混杂岩带 白格滑坡 斜坡地质结构特征 地质成因 滑坡形成过程 工程地质 

分 类 号：P694[天文地球—地质学]