高含盐废水生物处理技术研究进展与展望  

Research Progress and Prospect of High Salinity Wastewater Biological Treatment Technology

作　　者：王毅霖 杨雪莹 谢加才 王玉希 李婷 唐宇[3] 李洪涛[3] Wang Yilin;Yang Xueying;Xie Jiacai;Wang Yuxi;Li Ting;Tang Yu;Li Hongtao(State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control;CNPC Research Institute of Safety and Environment Technology;PetroChina Jilin Oilfield Company)

机构地区：[1]石油石化污染物控制与处理国家重点实验室,北京102206 [2]中国石油集团安全环保技术研究院有限公司 [3]中国石油天然气股份有限公司吉林油田分公司

出　　处：《油气田环境保护》2021年第5期6-10,共5页Environmental Protection of Oil & Gas Fields

摘　　要：煤化工、油气田和石化行业均会产生大量高含盐废水。文章介绍了高含盐废水的生物法深度处理工艺及方法,包括曝气生物滤池(BAF)、序批式活性污泥法(SBR)、生物接触氧化(BCO)、膜生物反应器(MBR)、流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)、厌氧膜生物反应器(AnMBR)、厌氧好氧工艺(An/O)及其变型工艺等,阐述了驯化后的嗜盐菌和耐盐菌的使用效果,并对高含盐废水生物处理研究的前景进行展望,提出:微生物处理高含盐废水具有成本低、几乎无二次污染的优点,能实现高含盐废水有机物组分的有效降解,提高"近零排放"产品盐纯度,但还需在耐盐、嗜盐微生物的筛选和挖掘方面进行技术攻关,这将是生物法处理高含盐废水的重要研究方向。Coal chemical industry, oil and gas fields and petrochemical industry all generate large amounts of high salinity wastewater. This paper specifically introduces the advanced biological treatment process and methods of high-salinity wastewater, including: Biological Aerated Filter(BAF),Sequencing Batch Reactor Sludge Process(SBR),Biological Contact Oxidation(BCO),Membrane Bioreactor(MBR),Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket(UASB),Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors(AnMBR),Anaerobic-aerobic process(An/O) and its variant processes, etc. It is also elaborated the effect of domesticated halophilic bacteria and salt-tolerant bacteria, as well as the prospect of research on biological treatment of high salinity wastewater. Microbial treatment of high-salinity wastewater has the advantages of low cost and almost no secondary pollution. Herein, in order to achieve the effective degradation of organic components in high-salinity wastewater and improve the salt purity of "near-zero discharge" products, it is necessary to carry out technical research on the screening and training of salt-tolerant and halophilic microorganisms, which is an important research direction for biological treatment of high-salinity wastewater.

关 键 词：高含盐废水 微生物处理 耐盐菌 嗜盐菌 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]