法医遗传学研究和鉴定中的伦理问题  

Ethical issues of the research and practice in forensic genetics

作　　者：刘志勇 乌日嘎[1,2] 李燃[1,2] 王蔷薇 孙宏钰[1,2] Zhiyong Liu;Riga Wu;Ran Li;Qiangwei Wang;Hongyu Sun(Faculty of Forensic Medicine,Zhongshan School of Medicine,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510080,China;Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510080,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学中山医学院法医学系,广州510080 [2]广东省法医学转化医学工程技术研究中心(中山大学),广州510080

出　　处：《遗传》2021年第10期994-1002,共9页Hereditas（Beijing)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:81971798),广东省自然科学基金面上项目(编号:2019A15150)资助。

摘　　要：法医遗传学主要以人体生物检材为对象,通过检测遗传信息解决与法律相关的生物检材鉴识问题,为侦查提供线索,为审判提供证据,往往涉及到众多伦理问题。本文提出伦理学在法医遗传学研究和鉴定中的应用基本原则,并对检材/样本收集、法医DNA表型分析、法医遗传系谱学分析、法医DNA数据库建设和应用、亲子鉴定和亲缘鉴定、法医遗传学科研数据交流和共享等方面涉及的伦理问题进行了分析,提示法医遗传学从业人员在研究和鉴定中要充分考虑伦理问题,建议有关部门制定法医遗传学具体的伦理要求,建立伦理审查制度,加强从业人员伦理学培训。Forensic genetics mainly uses human biological samples as the objects,solves the identification of biological materials related to law by detecting genetic information,provides clues for investigation and evidences for trial,thus facing many ethical issues.This paper put forward the ethical principles in forensic genetics research and practice,and discussed the ethical issues in sample collection,forensic DNA phenotyping,forensic genetic genealogy analysis,forensic DNA database development,paternity and kinship testing,and research data sharing.We suggest that specific ethical require-ments should be formulated,the ethical review system should be established for forensic genetics and ethical training for practitioners should be strengthened.

关 键 词：法医遗传学 生物检材 伦理问题 

分 类 号：D919[医药卫生—法医学] B82-05[政治法律—法学]