太古宙与现代的巨大差异:太古宙可能有板块构造吗?  

The great differences between the Archean and modern times:Could there have been plate tectonics in the Archean?

作　　者：张旗[1,2] 焦守涛 ZHANG Qi;JIAO Shoutao(Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Development Research Center,China Geological Survey,Beijing 100037,China;Technology Innovation Center of Geological Information,MNR,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [2]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所岩石圈演化国家重点实验室,北京100029 [3]中国地质调查局发展研究中心,北京100037 [4]自然资源部地质信息工程技术创新中心,北京100037

出　　处：《地质通报》2021年第9期1403-1409,共7页Geological Bulletin of China

基　　金：中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所岩石圈演化国家重点实验室项目《镁铁-超镁铁岩大数据研究》(编号:81300001);国家重点研发计划项目《基于地质云的地质灾害基础信息提取与大数据分析挖掘》(编号:2018YFC1505501)、《基于“地质云”平台的深部找矿知识挖掘》(编号:2016YFC0600510);国家自然科学基金项目《大数据环境下的滑坡危险性评估模型构建方法研究》(批准号:41872253);中国地质调查局项目《国家地质大数据汇聚与管理》(编号:DD20190318)

摘　　要：太古宙出露的岩石(如TTG、科马提岩、绿岩带)大多与现代不同,故“将今论古”的思想不适合推演到太古宙,也不能把太古宙TTG对比为现今的埃达克岩。TTG与俯冲无关,也不是地壳加厚形成的,而可能是在停滞盖层构造背景下初始地壳内富钠玄武岩部分熔融形成的。地球演化是一个不断散热的过程,太古宙属于热球阶段,元古宙以后可能才进入冷球阶段。因此,太古宙可能主要表现为停滞盖层构造,元古宙以后可能才出现板块构造。板块热俯冲的可能性很小,只有当岩石圈足够冷且具有一定的刚性和浮力时,板块才可能俯冲;而查明板块构造的地质记录(如蛇绿岩、蓝片岩、混杂堆积、深海沉积等)才能知道板块构造启动的时间。Most outcropped Archean rocks(such as TTG,komatiite and greenstone belt)are different from the modern ones.Therefore,the idea of“the present is the key to the past”is not suitable to be extended to the Archean Eon,nor can the Archean TTG be compared to the present adakites.TTG had nothing to do with subduction,and might be formed by partial melting of sodium-rich basalts in the initial crust under the tectonic setting of the stagnant lid instead of by crustal thickening.The earth is a process of continuous heat dissipation.The Archean Eon belongs to the hot sphere stage,and the earth might enter the cold sphere stage after the Proterozoic Eon.Therefore,the Archean might be mainly characterized by stagnant lid tectonics,and plate tectonics might have appeared after the Proterozoic.As possibility of plate thermal subduction is small,only when the lithosphere is cold enough and has certain rigidity and buoyancy,can the plate subduction occur.Only by establishing the geological record of plate tectonics(such as ophiolite,blueschist,melanges,deep-sea deposits,etc.)can we know when plate tectonics began.

关 键 词：太古宙 TTG 板块构造 停滞盖层构造 “将今论古”思想 

分 类 号：P534.2[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] P541[天文地球—地质学]