社区儿童家长预防接种常见不良反应知信行调查研究  

Study on the Knowledge,Attitude and Practice of Vaccination Adverse Reactions of Parents in Community

作　　者：严小玲 殷方兰[2] 高硕阳 陈静 吴雪芬 唐金凤 归德兴 YAN Xiao-ling;YIN Fang-lan;GAO Shuo-yang;CHEN Jing;WU Xue-fen;TANG Jin-feng;GUI De-xing(Community Health Service Center,Huating Town,Jiading District,Shanghai,201816,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]上海市嘉定区华亭镇社区卫生服务中心,上海201816 [2]上海市嘉定区疾病预防控制中心,上海201800

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2021年第10期29-31,共3页Chinese Primary Health Care

摘　　要：目的:了解社区儿童家长对预防接种常见不良反应知识的知晓情况、态度和培训需求。方法:采用整群抽样法选取2019年12月在上海市嘉定区华亭镇社区卫生服务中心预防接种门诊进行预防接种儿童的家长352人,采用自行设计的调查问卷,开展预防接种常见不良反应知信行调查。结果:在调查的352名家长中,预防接种常见不良反应的临床表现和接种后出现红肿、硬结等常见不良反应的正确处理方法,回答正确率均低于50%。单因素和多因素分析结果显示,不同性别、文化程度调查对象预防接种常见不良反应知识得分,差异有统计学意义(F值分别为-3.03和18.84,P值均<0.05),其中女性、文化水平较高的调查对象知识得分较高。13.64%的儿童曾在接种疫苗后发生过不良反应;最近一次接种疫苗后,73.30%的儿童留观了30分钟以上,74.72%的家长被告知不良反应处理知识;94.32%的家长认为有必要或非常有必要提高自己疫苗接种不良反应的相关知识和应对技能。如果举办疫苗接种不良反应知识和处理技能培训,83.81%的家长表示愿意或非常愿意参加。结论:可以通过接种医生指导、宣传资料发放、社区讲座等形式,提高家长对预防接种不良反应种类、正确处理方法等知识的知晓水平,尤其应重点关注男性、文化水平较低的家长。OBJECTIVE To understand the knowledge,attitude,and training needs of common adverse reactions of children’s parents in the community.METHODS 352 children were selected in the vaccination clinic of Community Health Service Center of Huating Town,Jiading District in December 2019,with the group sampling method.A self-designed questionnaire was used to carry out the investigation of common adverse reactions of vaccination.RESULTS 352 parents had investigated the clinical manifestations of common adverse reactions and the correct treatment of common adverse reactions such as redness and hardening after vaccination,and the correct response rate was less than 50%.The results of univariate and multivariate analysis showed that common ADR knowl⁃edge scores and the differences had statistical significance(F=-3.03,18.84,respectively,P<0.05),among which female,high cul⁃tural level respondents had higher knowledge scores.13.64%of children had adverse reactions after vaccination;73.30%remained for over 30 minutes,74.72%of parents were informed of adverse reaction processing;94.32%of parents thought it necessary to im⁃prove their vaccination knowledge and response skills about adverse reactions.If training on adverse reaction knowledge and treat⁃ment skills,83.81%of parents were willing to attend.CONCLUSION Through the guidance,publicity materials distribution,commu⁃nity lectures and other forms to improve parents’knowledge and treatment of vaccination adverse reaction,especially for men,low educated parents.Through the guidance of vaccination doctors,publicity materials distribution,community lectures and other forms,it should improve the knowledge level of parents about the types of vaccination adverse reactions and correct treatment methods,es⁃pecially on male and low-cultural parents.

关 键 词：预防接种 常见不良反应 调查 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]