特提斯海变迁对全球动物分布的影响  

Tethyan changes shaped global animal distribution

作　　者：李枢强[1] 赵喆[1] 侯仲娥[1] LI Shuqiang;ZHAO Zhe;HOU Zhong'e(Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,动物进化与系统学重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《河北大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第5期551-564,共14页Journal of Hebei University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31772418);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2019087)。

摘　　要：特提斯海是曾存在于冈瓦纳古陆和劳亚古陆之间的古海洋.特提斯海在其近2亿年的演化历程中,经历了扩张、分裂、收缩直至消亡.本文回顾了特提斯海区域不同动物类群的多样性研究,系统总结了特提斯海演化和变迁对全球动物多样性格局的影响.特提斯海演化通过改变栖息地之间的物理联系,决定了动物的扩散和隔离,进而直接影响了现今全球动物多样性的空间分布和组成;特提斯海的海陆变迁通过改变区域地理和生态环境,如阿尔卑斯-喜马拉雅造山带的形成、淡水生境的出现、中亚地区的干旱化、地中海盐度危机的发生,以及新的洞穴和湖泊生境的形成等,间接影响了特提斯海区域内动物的起源、扩散、分化、存留和灭绝.本文强调了特提斯海的演化和变迁是全球动物多样性演化的重要驱动因素,并揭示了特提斯海区域现今动物多样性格局的形成与地质构造运动之间的潜在联系.The Tethys Sea was an ancient ocean that existed between the continents of Gondwana and Laurasia.The Tethys Sea has experienced dramatic changes from expansion,split,narrowing to extinction in its 200 million-year evolutionary history.This paper reviews the diversity studies of different animals in the Tethyan region,and systematically summarizes the impacts of the evolution and changes of the Tethys Sea on the global diversity patterns of animals.The Tethyan evolution has directly affected the current distribution and composition of global animal diversity by changing the physical connection between habitats,which determined the dispersal and isolation of animals.The Tethyan sea-land changes have indirectly affected the origin,dispersal,diversification,maintaining and extinction of animals in the Tethyan region by changing regional topographies and ecological environments,such as the formation of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt,the emergence of freshwater habitats,the aridification of Central Asia,the occurrence of Messinian salinity crisis,and the emergence of the new cave and lake habitats.This paper emphasizes that the evolution and changes of the Tethys Sea is an essential driving force for the evolution of global animals and reveals the potential links between the formation of the current diversity patterns of animals and the series of tectonic activities in the Tethyan region.

关 键 词：古地中海 系统发育 生物地理 辐射演化 适应性进化 灭绝 

分 类 号：Q935.2[生物学—微生物学]