江西省水稻生长季需水量及旱涝特征分析  

Analysis of Drought and Flood Characteristics and Meteorological Factors in Rice Growing Season in Jiangxi Province

作　　者：简鸿福 韩会明 游文荪 吕辉 刘喆玥 JIAN Hong-fu;HAN Hui-ming;YOU Wen-sun;LV Hui;LIU Zhe-yue(Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Water Sciences,Nanchang 330029,China;Jiangxi Meteorological Information Center,Nanchang 330096,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省水利科学院,江西南昌330029 [2]江西省气象信息中心,江西南昌330096

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2021年第10期6-9,共4页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：江西省水利厅科技项目(201921YBKT07,KT201706)。

摘　　要：水稻是江西省最主要的粮食作物,了解江西省水稻生长季旱涝演变及急转特征,有利于保障水稻生产力制定适当防灾减灾策略。基于1960~2018年江西省77个站点的气象数据,利用标准化降水蒸散发指数(SPEI)和短周期旱涝急转指数(SDFAI),研究水稻生长季旱涝演变及急转特征,并分析水稻需水量与气象因子的变化过程及相关关系。结果表明,早稻期间洪涝事件多发,晚稻期间干旱事件频发,早晚稻生长季SPEI均呈上升趋势,旱涝事件空间上范围广、成片化;4~8月旱涝急转指数呈上升趋势,趋向“旱转涝”,8~10月倾向“涝转旱”,2000年后极端旱涝急转事件发生的频率明显增多;水稻生长季需水量显著减少(P<0.01),主要与平均日照时长显著降低(P<0.01)有关。Rice is the most important food crop in Jiangxi Province.Exploring the characteristics of drought and flood evolution and rapid transition during the rice growing season in this region will help ensure rice productivity and formulate appropriate disaster prevention and mitigation strategies in the region.Based on the meteorological data of 77 national stations in Jiangxi Province from 1960 to 2018,the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI)and the Short drought-flood abrupt alternation index(SDFAI)were used to analyze the drought and flood evolution and rapid transition characteristics of the rice growing season as well as the change process and correlation between rice water demand and meteorological factors.The results show that the flood events occurred frequently during the early rice period,and drought events occurred frequently during the late rice period.The SPEI index of the early rice and late rice growing seasons both showed an upward trend,and the drought and flood events showed a wide range and fragmented spatially;The droughtto-flood index showed an upward trend from April to August,and more inclined to"drought-to-flood"events.From August to October,it tended to"flood to drought".After 2000,the frequency of extreme drought-to-flood events was obvious increase;The water demand in the rice growing season is significantly reduced(P<0.01),which is mainly related to the significant decrease in average sunshine duration(P<0.01).

关 键 词：水稻生长季 旱涝特征 旱涝急转 气象因子 江西省 

分 类 号：P426.616[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] TV214[水利工程—水文学及水资源]