基于计划行为理论的南京市街头献血者中献血促进因素与阻碍因素调查  

Promote and deter factors of blood donation among street blood donors in Nanjing based on the theory of planned behavior

作　　者：段志倩 应上云 仇丽 林振平[2] 刘汝刚 赵轶伦[1] 戴宇东[1] DUAN Zhiqian;YING Shangyun;QIU Li;LIN Zhenping;LIU Rugang;ZHAO Yilun;DAI Yudong(Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center,Nanjing 210003,China;School of Health Polidy&Management,Nanjing Medical University)

机构地区：[1]南京红十字血液中心,江苏南京210003 [2]南京医科大学医政学院,211166

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2021年第9期1017-1021,共5页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

基　　金：“十三五”南京市医学科技发展资金重大项目(ZDX16018)。

摘　　要：目的探究街头人群献血的促进与阻碍因素,以便充分提高街头献血者招募的准确性。方法以计划行为理论(TPB)为框架,编制具有较高信度的无偿献血问卷,按照南京市11个辖区(域)的地理位置及经济发展状况采用多阶段分层抽样的方法,从南京市街头无偿献血人群中,按照各(个)人献血史情况分为3组:初次献血者(n=361)、献血≥2次者(n=417)和非献血者(n=241)。分别从外在促进因素(参加无偿献血可以获得免费的血液检查、利己因素等)与内在促进因素(利他/利己因素、献血能够让我帮助别人等),以及外在阻碍因素(太忙没有时间去献血、我的家人反对我去献血等)与内在阻碍因素(我担心献血后会产生头晕、采血针头会让我恐惧等)4个方面调查其献血行为。采用Epidata软件建立数据库,应用卡方检验作组间统计学分析。结果南京市街头人群人口学特征中受到促进因素(利他、利已因素)产生正向影响献血的主要人群为未婚、18~24岁、无子女、本科以下学历、基本无收入者,受阻碍因素影响小的主要人群为男性、未婚、18~24岁、基本无收入、无子女、学生这类人群。同时促进因素随着献血次数增加而增加;阻碍因素随献血次数增加而减少。结论TPB能较好地分析和解释街头献血者中影响献血行为的促进和阻碍因素,据此有助于血站制定提高招募街头献血者措施的有效性、精准性、广泛性。Objective To explore the promote and deter factors of blood donation among street blood donors in Nanjing,in order to improve the accuracy of street blood donors recruitment.Methods A questionnaire with high confidence was designed based on the theory of planned behavior(TPB).The multi-stage hierarchical sampling method was adopted according to the geographical location and economic development level of 11 districts(regions)in Nanjing,and the street blood donors were divided into three groups according to the history of blood donation:one donation(n=361),donation numbers≥2(n=417)and non-donation(n=241).The blood donation behavior was investigated from four aspects as external promote factors(such as seeking a free blood examination,self-interest factors,etc.),internal promote factors(such as altruistic,self-interest factors,blood donation can help others,etc.),external deter factors(too busy to donate blood,opposition from my family,etc.)and internal deter actors(worry about dizziness after blood donation,fear of needles,ect.).The database was established using Epidata software,and chi-square test was applied for statistical analysis between groups.Results The groups mainly affected by the promote factors(altruistic and self-interest factors)of Nanjing street population in blood donation were unmarried,18~24 years old,childless,below bachelor degree,and have barely no income.The main groups less affected by the deter factors were students,male,unmarried,18~24 years old,childless and have barely no income.Promote factors increases with the number of blood donations,while deter factors decreases with the number of blood donation.Conclusion TBP can better analyze and explain the promote and deter factors affecting blood donation behavior among street blood donors in Nanjing,which is helpful for blood stations to formulate targeted measures to improve the availability of street blood donors.

关 键 词：献血者招募 计划行为理论 街头献血者 献血促进因素 献血阻碍因素 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] R193.3[哲学宗教—心理学]