湘江祁阳段风土建筑聚落形态及空间形制特征研究——以龙溪李家大院为例  

The Layouts and Spatial Features of the Vernacular Architecture along the Qiyang Section of the Xiangjiang River:A Case Study of Longxi’s Li Family Settlement

作　　者：伍沙 Wu Sha(the School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Beijing Energy Conservation&Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044;Tongji University,Shanghai 200092)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院、北京节能减排与城乡可持续发展省部共建协同创新中心,北京100044 [2]同济大学,上海200092

出　　处：《建筑遗产》2021年第3期66-76,共11页Heritage Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51738008,59108412)。

摘　　要：文章基于对湖南祁阳地区(即湘江祁阳段)风土建筑普查性的田野调查,以国保单位龙溪李家大院为例,分析了其聚落形态及建筑空间形制特征。在此基础上,对方言中"祧屋"这一名称进行释义,并从聚落形态、院落形制、结构构架及装饰技艺四个方面总结了湘江祁阳段风土建筑的基质特征。如以祧屋院为中心,居住院呈向心型两翼布置组成"祠居合一"的自生长组团,单个或多个组团形成集中式的聚落形态;"一明两暗"模式的单体建筑和"游亭"结合成"工"字或"王"字型宅院平面,及其内部虚实相生的建筑空间的院落形制;前檐廊施斗拱的穿斗或砖木混合承重结构体系;游亭作为重点装饰区域,有丰富的门窗式样以及梁架雕刻的装饰特征等。This article investigates the National Protected Cultural Heritage Site,the Li Family Settlement in Longxi County,Hunan Province,based on a general field investigation of the vernacular architecture in the Qiyang area along the Xiangjiang River.It analyses the settlement forms and the spatial characteristics of the architecture,upon which the meaning of tiaowu(ancestral hall)in the Qiyang dialect is further explored.The article discovers that the essential features of the vernacular architecture in this region can be identified by the settlement patterns,courtyard layouts,structural forms,and decoration techniques.The settlements are composed of individual building groups that centre around the tiaowu,with the living quarters facing the centre on either wing,combining dwelling and ancestral worship.The courtyards consist of individual buildings with an yiming-liang’an layout(lit.’one bright two darks’)and youting(leisure pavilions),forming a gong-(工)or wang-(王)shape layout.Solids and cavities reinforce each other in the architecture.The structural forms are exemplified by the post-and-tie timber frame or masonry–timber structure,with the front porch supported by bracket sets.The youting is the most decorative part,with abundant forms of windows and doors and intricate decorations on the timber frame.

关 键 词：风土建筑 祧屋 游亭 自生长 谱系 

分 类 号：TU-092.964[建筑科学—建筑理论] TU2415