中药汤剂煎煮加水量与得液量控制方法研究  

Study on the Control Method of Water Addition and Liquid Yield of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction

作　　者：王小鹏 桂新景 王艳丽[2,3,4,5] 侯富国 郭晓帆 李海洋 刘瑞新 李学林[2,3,4,5,6] WANG Xiaopeng;GUI Xinjing;WANG Yanli;HOU Fuguo;GUO Xiaofan;LI Haiyang;LIU Ruixin;LI Xuelin(School of Pharmacy,Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Department of Pharmacy,the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450000,China;The Level Three Laboratory of Chinese Traditional Medical Preparation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Henan Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Clinical Application of Chinese Herbal Pieces,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Henan Key Laboratory for Clinical Pharmacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan&Education Ministry of P.R.China,Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南中医药大学药学院,郑州450046 [2]河南中医药大学第一附属医院药学部,郑州450000 [3]国家中医药管理局中药制剂三级实验室,郑州450000 [4]河南省中药饮片临床应用现代化工程研究中心,郑州450000 [5]河南省中药临床药学中医药重点实验室(建设单位),郑州450000 [6]河南中医药大学呼吸疾病中医药防治省部共建协同创新中心,郑州450046

出　　处：《医药导报》2021年第11期1528-1533,共6页Herald of Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划中医药现代化重点专项(2017YFC1703400);国家重点研发计划中医药现代化重点专项课题(2017YFC1703401,2017YFC1703402);国家自然科学基金资助项目(81774452,81773892,81001646);河南省中医药拔尖人才培养项目(重点项目)(2019ZYBJ07);河南省高层次人才特殊支持“中原千人计划”-“中原青年拔尖人才”项目(ZYQR201912158)。

摘　　要：目的优化中药汤剂加水量公式,优选一煎、二煎加水比例,探索汤剂煎煮加水量与得液量精准控制方法。方法以多功能养生壶为煎药容器,测定其在不同条件下的水蒸气蒸发系数;以当归四逆汤(DSD)、小青龙汤(XD)、补中益气汤(BYD)3个复方汤剂为研究载体,根据加水量公式确定总加水量,每个复方分别按一煎、二煎加水比例60:40,70:30,80:20加水煎煮,测定复方汤剂煎煮吸水量及一煎、二煎汤液得液量、相对密度和出膏率;根据复方汤剂煎煮吸水量与理论吸水量差异,分别对饮片吸水率、预期得液量和相对密度校正处理;以饮片吸水率校正系数为参数,优化加水量公式;以得液量偏离度、校正相对密度和出膏率为指标,优选一煎、二煎加水比例。结果不同条件下多功能养生壶水蒸气蒸发系数无明显差异,为3.9 mL·min^(-1);多功能养生壶煎煮时,复方汤剂煎煮吸水量为理论吸水量的0.67倍,以0.67为饮片吸水率校正系数;加水量公式优化为:加水量=理论吸水量×饮片吸水率校正系数+预期得液量+水蒸气蒸发量+煎药机损耗量;相比70:30和80:20的一煎、二煎加水比例,以60:40分配时,得液量平均偏离度最小(3.78%),药液平均校正相对密度(1.0273)和平均出膏率(19.81%)最高。结论该研究优化加水量公式及优选一煎、二煎加水比例,能够实现中药汤剂煎煮加水量与得液量科学、精准控制,且能保证汤液成分较高的煎出率,可为加水量公式应用于不同煎药设备和煎煮方法时的校正和优化处理提供参考。Objective To optimize the formula of the adding water's volume in decocting traditional Chinese medicine,and to select the best ratio of the water in the first decocting process and the second decocting process in order to achieve precise control of the water addition and liquid yield.Methods A multifunctional health-preserving pot was used as a decoction container to determine its evaporation coefficient of water vapor under different decocting conditions.Danggui Sini Decoction(DSD),Xiaoqinglong Decoction(XD)and Buzhong yiqi Decoction(BYD)were used as research subjects,and the total volume of decocting water was determined according to the water-adding formula.The three prescriptions were decocted at the water-adding ratio of first decoction comparing to the second decoction equals to 60:40,70:30 and 80:20,respectively.The compound decoctions'water absorption,the volume of obtained herbal liquid after the first decocting process and the second decocting process,relative density,and paste-forming rate were detected.According to the discrepancy between the practical water absorption and the theoretical water absorption of the decocting herbs,we corrected the water absorption rate,the volume of expected obtained herbal liquid,and the relative density of the decoction,respectively.The correction coefficient of the herbal pieces'water absorption rate was set as a parameter to optimize the water-adding formula.Took the deviation of the obtained herbal liquid volume,the corrected relative density and the paste-forming rate as the indicators to select the best ratio of water'volume that was added in the first decocting process and the second decocting process.Results The water vapor evaporation coefficient of the multifunctional health-preserving pot has no significant discrepancy under different decocting conditions,and the coefficient was 3.9 mL·min^(-1).When using the multifunctional health-preserving pot to decoct Chinese herbal pieces,the practical water absorption was 0.67 times to the theoretical water absorptio

关 键 词：中药汤剂 加水量 得液量 水蒸气蒸发系数 

分 类 号：R286[医药卫生—中药学] R95[医药卫生—中医学]