玉米果种皮对其种子萌发及生理特性的影响  

Effects of Seed Coat on Seed Germination and Physiological Characteristics of Maize

作　　者：刘京 朱凯丽 岳海旺[2] 李贺勤[1] 张海艳[1] 赵延明[1] 杨然兵[1] 尚书旗[1] 江绪文[1] LIU Jing;ZHU Kaili;YUE Haiwang;LI Heqin;ZHANG Haiyan;ZHAO Yanming;YANG Ranbing;SHANG Shuqi;JIANG Xuwen(Maize Research Institute,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao Shandong 266109,China;Dryland Farming Institute,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Hengshui Hebei 053000,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学玉米研究所,山东青岛266109 [2]河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所,河北衡水053000

出　　处：《种子》2021年第9期40-47,共8页Seed

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017 YFD 0701203,2019 YFE 0120400,2017 YFD 0101202);国家自然科学基金(31601386,31671621);山东省高等学校科技计划项目(J18 KA 121);青岛农业大学研究生创新计划项目(QYC 201941)。

摘　　要：以郑单958、先玉335、蠡玉16和迪卡007等4个玉米品种种子为材料,通过对果种皮特性、发芽能力、幼苗生长、种子化学成分、酶活性等进行测定,研究果种皮对种子萌发及生理特性的影响。结果表明,果种皮最大吸水量、覆胚果种皮(TCE)穿刺力和TCE厚度等3项指标在4个品种间均存在差异,其中郑单958的3项指标均最大,分别为1.02g·(50粒)^(-1)、1.81 N和53.33μm;移除TCE后,4个品种种子的发芽指数、芽(苗)长、主根长、芽(苗)鲜重、芽(苗)干重、根鲜重和根干重等7项指标与对照相比均明显上升。此外,25℃条件下萌发60 h, 4个品种种子胚根鞘破裂率均明显提高,且胚中部、胚根和胚根鞘组织内过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶的活性基本呈上升趋势;不同种子质量指标相关性分析表明,TCE穿刺力和TCE厚度之间呈极显著正相关,该2项指标与发芽势、平均发芽天数、种子总淀粉含量3项指标均呈正相关,但与芽(苗)长、主根长、芽(苗)鲜重、芽(苗)干重、根鲜重、根干重和种子粗脂肪含量等7项指标均呈负相关。研究表明,玉米果种皮特别是TCE相关生物力特性会影响种子萌发及生理特性,这可为进一步研究玉米种子萌发调控及高活力形成机理提供理论基础。In order to investigate the effects of seed coat on seed germination and physiological characteristics, the seeds of four maize varieties including zhengdan 958, Xianyu 335, Liyu 16 and Dika 007 were used as materials. The results showed that the maximum water absorption of seed coat, the puncture force of testa-pericarp covering embryo(TCE) and TCE thickness of seed coat were different among the four cultivars. The three indexes of Zhengdan 958 were the highest, which were 1.02 g·50 seed^(-1), 1.81 N and 53.33 μm, respectively. And, the germination index, shoot length, taproot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight of 4 varieties were significantly increased compared with the control after the removal of TCE. In addition, at 25 ℃ for 60 h, the rupture rate of radicle sheath was significantly increased after germination for 60 h at 25 ℃, and the activities of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the middle of embryo, radicle and radicle sheath showed an upward trend. Correlation analysis of different seed quality indexes showed that TCE puncture force was positively correlated with TCE thickness, which was positively correlated with germination potential, average germination days and total starch content of seeds, but there was negative correlation with shoot(seedling) length, taproot length, fresh shoot(seedling) weight, dry shoot(seedling) weight, fresh root weight, dry root weight and crude fat content of seeds. The results showed that the biological characteristics of maize seed coat, especially TCE, affected seed germination and physiological characteristics, which could provide a theoretical basis for further research on the mechanism of maize seed germination regulation and high vigor formation.

关 键 词：玉米 种子萌发 种子活力 果种皮 生物力 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]