山桐子天然居群果实表型多样性分析及综合评价  

Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Fruit Phenotypic Diversity in Natural Populations of Idesia polycarpa

作　　者：徐嘉娟 陈婷敬 谢涛 李芳 耿阳阳 朱亚艳 许杰 XU Jiajuan;CHEN Tingjing;XIE Tao;LI Fang;GENG Yangyang;ZHU Yayan;XU jie(Guizhou Academy of Forestry,Guiyanag 550005,China;Guizhou Institute of Walnut,Guiyanag 550005,China;Natural Resources of Shuicheng County,Liupanshui Guizhou 553040,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省林业科学研究院,贵阳550005 [2]贵州省核桃研究所,贵阳550005 [3]水城县自然资源局,贵州六盘水553040

出　　处：《种子》2021年第9期64-71,共8页Seed

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目“贵州省木本粮油加工科技创新人才团队”(黔科合平台人才[2020]5003);青钱柳叶用型定向培育关键技术研究与示范(黔科合支撑[2020]4Y117号)。

摘　　要：以贵州3个山桐子天然居群为研究对象,选取32个单株的15个果实表型性状进行Shannon-Weaver多样性指数分析、巢式方差分析、多重比较、主成分分析及聚类分析,研究山桐子天然居群果实表型性状的多样性水平、变异规律及分化水平,探讨其综合评价方法,以期为山桐子天然居群的保护利用和选择育种提供科学依据。结果表明,山桐子15个果实表型性状的Shannon-Weaver多样性指数在1.944~2.090之间,平均为2.019,说明山桐子果实性状具有丰富的多样性。15个性状的变异系数范围为5.67%~38.57%,以单果饱满种子数(38.57%)、单穗果粒质量(28.72%)、果穗质量(26.63%)、单穗果粒数(26.29%)变异较大,果形指数(5.67%)和果实含油率(7.88%)变异较小。15个性状在居群间和居群内均存在显著或极显著差异,说明这些性状在居群间和居群内均存在丰富的变异。居群内变异(38.24%)大于居群间(17.76%),居群间平均表型分化系数为31.79%,居群内变异是山桐子果实性状表型变异的主要来源。主成分分析结果表明,前6个主成分的累积贡献率达85.38%,代表了山桐子果实表型性状的大部分信息,果大小指数、单果质量、果皮质量、果纵径、果横径、单穗果粒数、果穗质量、单穗果粒质量等8个性状是造成山桐子果实表型差异的主要因素。综合评价结果显示,来自P2居群的13号单株综合得分最高,其次为同一居群的14号单株;来自P3居群的27号单株综合得分最低,都是构建遗传多样性丰富的种质资源的宝贵材料。通过聚类分析,欧式距离为12时,32个单株可分为4个类群,与地理来源无密切联系。In order to study the diversity, variation and differentiation of fruit phenotypic traits in natural populations of Idesia polycarpa, and to explore the comprehensive evaluation methods, the Shannon-weaver diversity index analysis, nested variance analysis, multiple comparison, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed on 15 fruit phenotypic traits of 32 individual plants from 3 natural populations of I. polycarpa in Guizhou for providing scientific basis for conservation, utilization, selection and breeding of natural populations of I. polycarpa. The results showed that the Shannon-Weaver diversity index of 15 fruit phenotypic traits in I. polycarpa ranged from 1.944 to 2.090, with an average of 2.019, indicating that the fruit traits in I. polycarpa had rich diversity. The variation coefficients of the 15 traits ranged from 5.67% to 38.57%, and the number of full seeds per fruit(38.57%), grain weight per ear(28.72%), grain weight per ear(26.63%) and grain number per ear(26.29%)had the greatest variation.The variation of fruit shape index(5.67%)and fruit oil content(7.88%)was small.There were significant or extremely significant differences among and within populations among the 15 traits,indicating that there were abundant variations among and within populations of these traits.Intra-population variation(38.24%)was higher than inter-population variation(17.76%),and the average phenotypic differentiation coefficient between populations was31.79%.And,intra-population variation was the main source of phenotypic variation of fruit traits in I.polycarpa.Additionally,the results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first six principal components reached 85.38%,representing most of the phenotypic traits of paulownia fruit.Fruit size index,fruit weight,fruit peel weight,fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit cross diameter,fruit number per ear,fruit weight per ear and fruit weight per ear were the main factors that caused the fruit phenotypic differences

关 键 词：山桐子 果实性状 表型变异 综合评价 

分 类 号：S792.99[农业科学—林木遗传育种]