不同氮磷钾配比对益智生长指标及产量的影响  

Effects of Different NPK Ratios on Growth Indexes and Yield of Alpinia oxyphylla

作　　者：李英英 王祝年[1] 晏小霞[1] 王清隆[1] 羊青[1] 汤欢[1] 王茂媛[1] LI Ying-ying;WANG Zhu-nian;YAN Xiao-xia;WANG Qing-long;YANG Qing;TANG Huan;WANG Mao-yuan(Institute of Tropical Crop Variety Resources,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 570100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口570100

出　　处：《中药材》2020年第10期2345-2349,共5页Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials

基　　金：中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项资金(1630032017056,1630032017043);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助(CARS⁃21)。

摘　　要：目的:研究不同氮、磷、钾施肥配比对益智生长指标和产量的影响。方法:采用“3414”配方施肥试验方案,设氮、磷、钾3个因素,4个水平0、1、2、3,以益智常规施肥水平为2水平,0、1、3水平施肥量分别为2水平的0、0.5、1.5倍,共计14个试验处理组合,研究不同施肥配比对益智生长指标和产量的影响。结果:不同肥料配比处理对益智生长指标和产量影响不同,处理4(N_(2)P_(2)K_(2))的株高最高;处理11(N_(2)P_(2)K_(3))的茎粗最大;处理8(N_(2)P_(3)K_(2))的开花枝和结果枝数量最多。处理8(N_(2)P_(3)K_(2))的益智产量最高,百粒重和单株果粒重也最高。氮、磷、钾施肥量对益智产量的影响大小关系为:施磷量>施氮量>施钾量。结论:益智生产中的最佳推荐施肥量为氮(N)65.82 kg/hm^(2)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))79.20 kg/hm^(2)、钾(K_(2)O)144.23 kg/hm^(2)。Objective:To study the effects of different ratios of N,P and K fertilization on growth indexes and yield of Alpinia oxyphylla.Methods:The experiment adopted the“3414”formula fertilization experiment program,set the three factors of N,P and K,4 levels of 0,1,2 and 3,took the conventional fertilization level of Alpinia oxyphylla as 2 level,0,1 and 3 levels of fertilizer application as 0,0.5 and 1.5 times of the 2 level,a total of 14 experimental treatment combinations,the effects of different fertilization ratio on growth indexes and yield of Alpinia oxyphylla were studied.Results:The different fertilizer ratio had different effects on the growth indexes and yield of Alpinia oxyphylla,the plant height of 4(N_(2)P_(2)K_(2))treatment was the highest and the stem diameter of the plants under 11(N_(2)P_(2)K_(3))treatment was the maximum.The number of flowering and fruiting branches under 8(N_(2)P_(3)K_(2))treatment was the largest.The yield under 8(N_(2)P_(3)K_(2))treatment was the highest,the hundered⁃grain weight and fruit weight per plant were also the highest.The effect of N,P and K fertilizer application amount on the yield of Alpinia oxyphylla was as follows:P application amount>N application amount>K application amount.Conclusion:The best recommended fertilizer application in Alpinia oxyphylla production is nitrogen(N)with 65.82 kg/hm^(2),phosphorus(P_(2)O_(5))with 79.20 kg/hm^(2),potassium(K_(2)O)with 144.23 kg/hm^(2).

关 键 词：益智 施肥量 生长指标 产量 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]