遮荫和有机肥对滇黄精光合特性及生长的影响  

Effects of Shading and Organic Fertilizers on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Growth of Polygonatum kingianum

作　　者：王玮 蔡传涛[1] 张珍贤 杜波 刘贵周[1] WANG Wei;CAI Chuan-tao;ZHANG Zhen-xian;DU Bo;LIU Gui-zhou(Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Mengla 666303,China;University of Chinses Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,云南勐腊666303 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中药材》2020年第10期2357-2362,共6页Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials

基　　金：中国科学院科技扶贫项目(贵州水城县特色产业科技扶贫关键技术与示范)。

摘　　要：目的:为滇黄精在实际生产中选择合适的遮荫度以及有机肥提供理论依据。方法:设置3种不同的遮荫度(0%不遮荫,56%中度遮荫,77%高度遮荫)以及3种有机肥(商用有机肥,鸡粪堆肥,猪粪堆肥)处理,以不施加有机肥为对照,采用“3×4完全试验”设计,观测滇黄精的光合特性、生长等指标,并分析其受遮荫和有机肥处理的影响。结果:遮荫和有机肥的施用可以增加滇黄精的光合能力,在高度遮荫条件下施用猪粪堆肥时光合能力最强;光合作用的增强使滇黄精植株株高、基径、比叶面积得到相应的增加;遮荫会显著影响生物量的分配,高度遮荫时植物地上部分生长旺盛,但会抑制干物质向地下器官的运输,而中度遮荫时,地下部分累积生物量多,新生根茎干重大。结论:遮荫度保持56%左右(中度遮荫)并施用猪粪堆肥较适合滇黄精的生长。Objective:To provide theoretical basis for the selection of suitable shading and organic fertilizer in actual production of⁃Polygonatum kingianum.Methods:Taking the absence of organic ferlilizer as a control,the“3×4 complete experiment”was performed which included three shading degrees(0%no shading,56%moderate shading,77%high shading)and three kinds of organic fertilizer treatments(commercial organic fertilizer,chicken manure compost,pig manure compost)to analyze the effects of shading and organic fertilizers treatment on the photosynthesis and growth of Polygonatum kingianum by observing its photosynthetic characteristics and growth indexes.Results:The application of shading and organic fertilizers could promote photosynthesis of Polygonatum kingianum,a⁃mong which the photosynthesis had high efficiency in the application of pig manure compost under high shading treatment.With the in⁃crease of photosynthesis,the plant height,basal diameter and specific leaf area of Polygonatum kingianum were increased according⁃ly.Shading significantly affected the biomass distribution.High shading treatment had vigorous growth of the aboveground part of the plant,but inhibited the transportation of dry matter to the underground organs.Under moderate shading treatment,the accumulated bio⁃mass of the underground part was more,and also the dry weight of new rhizome.Conclusion:The about 56%of the shading degree(me⁃dium shading)and the application of pig manure compost are more suitable for the growth of Polygonatum kingianum.

关 键 词：滇黄精 遮荫 有机肥 生物量 光合特性 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]