补贴政策的经济分析——基于文献评述的视角  

An Economic Analysis of Subsidy Policy——From the Perspective of Literature Review

作　　者：王光 Wang Guang

机构地区：[1]中国财政科学研究院

出　　处：《财政科学》2021年第8期149-160,共12页Fiscal Science

基　　金：中国财政科学研究院2021年招标课题“国有企业及补贴的国际规则研究”的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：文章通过综述大量相关文献的基本观点,对封闭经济环境中补贴各要素的经济属性,以及在开放经济环境中补贴政策、反补贴措施以及多边补贴规则进行经济分析。文章认为:在封闭经济中,补贴政策的主要动机为解决市场失灵、释放规模经济、平衡效率与公平;补贴的对象与实施形式多样;补贴政策以较为温和的方式减缓经济波动,实现经济结构调整,促进经济发展,同时也有利于优化财政支出结构与效率;补贴导致财政资金存在大量的机会成本与寻租成本;在开放经济中,战略性贸易政策与补贴政策密切相关;在不同的市场竞争环境下,进口国是否采取反补贴措施,通常需要考虑多重因素,如贸易条件改变、政策干预时机、承诺可信水平、政策寻租空间等;国际贸易协定应该考虑各国进行生产补贴的政策实施空间,形成一个关于补贴的共同规范,可以促使福利水平得以提升。By summarizing the basic ideas of a large number of relevant literature,this paper makes an economic analysis of the economic attributes of subsidy elements in closed economic environment,as well as the subsidy policies,countervailing measures and multilateral subsidy rules in open economic environment.This paper argues that,in a closed economy,the main motives of subsidy policy are to solve market failure,release economies of scale,and balance efficiency and equity.The object and implementation of subsidies are diverse.Subsidy policy slows economic fluctuations in more modest way,to realize the economic structure adjustment,promote economic development,as well as to optimize the structure and efficiency of fiscal expenditure.Subsidy leads to a large number of opportunity cost and rent-seeking cost in financial funds.In an open economy,strategic trade policies are closely related to subsidy policies.In different market competition environment,multiple factors should be considered in respect of whether the importing country adopts countervailing measures,such as the change of terms of trade,the timing of policy intervention,the credible level of commitment,the rent-seeking space of policy,etc.International trade agreements should consider the policy implementation space for each country to carry out production subsidies,and form a common norm for subsidies that can promote welfare levels.

关 键 词：补贴政策 封闭经济 开放经济 经济分析 

分 类 号：F812.45[经济管理—财政学]