几种杀菌剂对苹果黑星病的田间防效评价  

Field Efficacy Evaluation of Several Fungicides against Apple Scab

作　　者：史广亮 岳德成 柳建伟 韩菊红 李青梅 姜延军 张琰那 胡冠芳[2] SHI Guang-liang;YUE De-cheng;LIU Jian-wei;HAN Ju-hong;LI Qing-mei;JIANG Yan-jun;ZHANG Yan-na;HU Guan-fang(Pingliang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Pingliang 744000,Gansu,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]平凉市农业科学院,甘肃平凉744000 [2]甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所,兰州730030

出　　处：《农药》2021年第10期771-774,777,共5页Agrochemicals

基　　金：甘肃省平凉市科技计划项目“矮化密植苹果园农药减量施用关键技术研究与示范”(201804);甘肃省平凉市科技计划项目“苹果主要叶部病害绿色防控技术创新与应用”。

摘　　要：[目的]为苹果黑星病的防治筛选出优良杀菌剂。[方法]采用田间小区试验方法测定了13种杀菌剂(组合)在试验设计剂量(推荐剂量)下对苹果黑星病的控制效果及对苹果的安全性。[结果]参试的13种杀菌剂(组合)对苹果生长发育均无明显影响,其中250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯EC、25%苯甲·吡唑酯SC和10%苯醚甲环唑WG+400 g/L氟硅唑EC对苹果黑星病控制作用突出,末次药后20 d的防治效果、病叶率和病情指数分别为92.18%~96.47%、14.00%~16.67%和1.70~3.78,末次药后54 d的防治效果、病叶率和病情指数分别在83.87%~89.99%、30.67%~32.00%和5.33~8.59,极显著或显著优于其他杀菌剂;75%肟菌酯·戊唑醇WG、34%苯醚·甲硫SC、10%苯醚甲环唑WG和64%苯甲·锰锌WP防效较好,末次药后20 d的防治效果、病叶率和病情指数分别为83.90%~93.10%、12.67%~34.00%、3.33~7.78,但末次药后54 d的效果大幅度下降;其他6种杀菌剂表现差或较差。[结论]苹果黑星病防治中应优先选用吡唑醚菌酯、苯甲·吡唑酯和苯醚甲环唑+氟硅唑,其次可考虑选用肟菌酯·戊唑醇、苯醚·甲硫、苯醚甲环唑、苯甲·锰锌等。[Aims] This study aims to screen out fungicides with better control efficiency for the prevention and control of apple scab. [Methods] The field trial was used to determine the control efficiency of 13 kinds of fungicides(combination) on apple scab and its safety to apples with dose design(recommend dose). [Results] The thirteen fungicides have no obvious effect on the growth and development of apples. Among them, pyraclostrobin 250 g/L EC,difenoconazole ·pyraclostrobin 25% SC and difenoconazole 10% WG+flusilazole 400 g/L EC have the best performance, the control efficiency, diseased leaf rate and disease index of 20 days after the last sprayed application respectively were 92.18-96.47%, 14.00-16.67% and 1.70-3.78, the control efficiency, diseased leaf rate and disease index of 54 days after the last sprayed application respectively were 83.87-89.99%, 30.67-32.00% and 5.33-8.59,significantly better than other fungicides. Trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole 75% WG, difenoconazole·thiophanate-methyl 34% SC, difenoconazole 10% WG and difenoconazole·mancozeb 64% WP have better effect, the control efficiency,diseased leaf rate and disease index of 20 days after the last sprayed application respectively were 83.90-93.10%,12.67-34.00%, 3.33-7.78, the control efficiency of 54 days after the last sprayed application has great reduced. The other 6 fungicides have no obvious efficiency. [Conclusions] Pyraclostrobin, difenoconazole ·pyraclostrobin,difenoconazole+flusilazole should be considered firstly in the control of apple crab. Besides, trifloxystrobin ·tebuconazole, difenoconazole·thiophanate-methyl, difenoconazole and difenoconazole·mancozeb could be used as an alternative fungicides which also have nice performance.

关 键 词：苹果黑星病 杀菌剂 病叶率 病情指数 防治效果 

分 类 号：S482.2[农业科学—农药学]