夏季全光照下3种大型卷瓣凤梨属植物光合日变化特征及与环境因子的关系  

Diurnal Changes of Photosynthetic Characteristics of 3 Giant Alcantareas Exposure to Summer Sunlight and Their Relationship with Environmental Factors

作　　者：李萍 庄秋怡 LI Ping;ZHUANG Qiuyi(Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden,Shanghai,201216)

机构地区：[1]上海辰山植物园,上海201216

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2021年第9期2579-2586,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：上海市绿化与市容管理局科学技术项目(No.G182423)。

摘　　要：卷瓣凤梨属(Alcantarea)植物是凤梨科植物中较晚被引入中国的观赏凤梨之一,与目前国内常见的观赏凤梨商业品种不耐强光不同,卷瓣凤梨属植物较喜光,加上其体型硕大,既可观叶也可赏花,较适合应用于室外园林中。但是不同种和品种对光照的需求各有差异,特别是对于夏季室外全光照环境的耐受性尚未明确。为了研究不同卷瓣凤梨属植物对夏季强光和高温环境的适应性,以3种大型卷瓣凤梨的成熟植株为研究对象,运用Li-6400光合测定仪进行夏季全光照环境下光合特性日变化的测定,并进行光合生理指标与环境因子的相关性分析。3种卷瓣凤梨属植物在夏季高温季的日变化曲线都为双峰型,且都在8:00达到最高点,中午11:00出现谷底,其中帝王卷瓣凤梨(红叶型)的净光合速率(Pn)日变化曲线较为平缓,谷底高而浅,中午Pn显著高于其他2个种,表现出对夏季强光及伴随着的高温环境具有较强的耐受性,且9:00—13:00的Pn下降是由气孔限制引起的;‘优雅’和格拉齐卷瓣凤梨的Pn双峰曲线谷底较深,其中‘格拉齐’的Pn变化最为剧烈,在早晚光线和气温不太高的环境下具有较高的Pn,强光下光合作用下降明显,中午11:00到达谷底,次峰较高,出现在15:00;‘优雅’和‘格拉齐’在上午9:00—13:00的Pn下降是由非气孔限制引起的。气孔导度(Gs)是影响3种凤梨夏季全光照环境下Pn的主要光合生理指标,具有极显著或显著正相关性,但与其他光合生理指标及环境因子间相关系数较低,可能是各因素间存在交互影响所致。3种卷瓣凤梨中,帝王卷瓣凤梨(红叶型)对室外全光照环境的适应较强,植株生长正常,格拉齐卷瓣凤梨和‘优雅’卷瓣凤梨对强光比较敏感,其中‘格拉齐’叶色变黄,‘优雅’则发生叶丛中央的新叶不正常密集生长的现象,因此后2种更适合中午有一定荫蔽的环境,本研究为卷瓣凤梨属Species of Alcantarea(Brommeliaceae)was introduced to China quite recently.Different from the most commercial bromeliads available from the market which are low tolerant of strong light,most species of Alcantarea prefer higher light intensity.In additional,most species in this genus are large in size,as well as the high ornamental feature both for foliage and flower,which make them quite suitable to the outdoor gardens.Meanwhile,different species and cultivars have different requirements on light,especially their tolerance to high light intensity at hot summer is not clear.In order to study on the adaptability of different Alcantarea taxa exposure to full sun outdoor at summer time,the diurnal changes of photosynthetic characteristics of three large-sized Alcantarea in mature size were measured by Li-6400 photosynthetic analyzer,and the correlation between photosynthetic physiological indexes and environmental factors was also analyzed.The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of the three species was high,with the highest values between 8.3-11μmol•m‒2s‒1.The diurnal variation curves of the three species indicate double-peak curves,and reached to the first peak at 8:00,reaches the bottom at 11:00.The diurnal variation curve of Pn of Alcantarea imperialis(red leaf form)was relatively gentle,the valley bottom was high and shallow,the Pn at noon was significantly higher than the other two species(P<0.01),which showing the strongest tolerance to intensive light and high temperature,it was proved that the decrease of Pn from 9:00 to 13:00 was caused by stomatal limitation,with Pn and the intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)decreased at the same time,The bottom of the variation curves of A.‘Grace’and A.glaziouana was deeper and sharper.The secondary peak of A.‘Grace’appeared at 13:00,which was relatively low.The variate curve of Pn of A.glaziouana varied extremely strong,with higher Pn in the morning and later afternoon when the light and temperature were relatively low.It was proved that the

关 键 词：卷瓣凤梨 全光照 光合日变化 相关性 环境因子 

分 类 号：S668.3[农业科学—果树学]